Showing posts with label - - - History. Show all posts
Showing posts with label - - - History. Show all posts

2017-08-12

Yuge no Miya Osaka

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. ABC List of Heian Contents .
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Yuge no Miya 弓削の宮 / 弓削宮 - Osaka

- - - - - not to confuse with
Yugi no Miya 由義宮 and the temple 弓削寺 Yugedera, founded in 765
Yugi-no-miya in Kawachi province.
Both Yuge-no-miya and Yugedera are mentioned in “Shoku Nihongi".



由義神社 Yugi Jinja

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- quote - TAKASHI ENDO -
Dig offers 1st hint of second capital in Osaka in 8th century


The Higashi-Yuge archaeological site in Yao, Osaka Prefecture, where the remains of pillars and trench digs dating to the eighth century have been discovered (Provided by the Yao municipal board of education)

YAO, Osaka Prefecture--Evidence of structures dating back more than 1,000 years at an archaeological site here points to the existence of a "second" capital that is known only through eighth-century chronicles.

Archaeologists say pits dug in the ground for massive wooden pillars, along with evidence of an extensive trench, offer compelling indications that the Higashi-Yuge ruins hosted Yuge-no-miya, a site shrouded in mystery.

This other capital was purportedly built at the behest of female Emperor Shotoku, who ruled from 764 to 770 during the Nara Period (710-784).

Emperor Shotoku (718-770) is known to history for favoring a Buddhist monk named Dokyo, who died in 772 having attained great power under her patronage.

Dokyo won court favor through his devoted prayers for her health after she fell seriously ill. The emperor later promoted him to the extremely influential post of “hoo,” the highest rank among Buddhist monks.

The discovery of the sprawling complex at the Higashi-Yuge site was announced Aug. 16 by the Yao cultural property research council, which is affiliated with the Yao city government.

Masashi Kinoshita, professor emeritus of archaeology at Tokyo Gakugei University, is expecting that further excavation of the site will shed light on the second capital city.

“Few details are known of Yuge-no-miya. The recent discovery of the canal may help unravel the mystery,” he said, referring to the excavation of trenches, which experts believe were filled with water and used to transport building materials.

In February, archaeologists said they unearthed the first evidence of a huge pagoda for Yugedera temple at the Higashi-Yuge site. The temple was built by Dokyo there before his fall from grace following the death of the emperor.

Both Yuge-no-miya and Yugedera are mentioned in “Shoku Nihongi,” the imperially commissioned history text on the Nara Period, but there was no evidence to support this until recently.

A large section of the second capital got built, but the city was never finished due to Emperor Shotoku's death.

The latest excavations are being carried out 500 meters or so northeast of where the apparent pagoda foundations were unearthed.
The square-shaped pits measure between 60 centimeters and 80 cm. Experts believe that pillars 20-25 cm in diameter were sunk into the holes. The pits are lined up in the four points of the compass. That suggests Yuge-no-miya was constructed there, according to Masanobu Hirose, a member of the council.

“The site shows that there was very precise demarcation,” he said. “Yuge-no-miya, set out neatly in a grid pattern, must have sprawled to the area where archaeologists are now working.”

The trench is about 10 meters long, 16-20 meters wide and 1 meter deep.
Coupled with a 60-meter-long trench found nearby last summer, it is thought that they formed part of an artificial canal measuring some 600 or 700 meters in total length.

Archaeologists speculate that the canal was built to transport materials to build the second capital and Yugedera, or to serve as drain bypass for river works.

Kinoshita said he leans to the former theory.
“Workers need to transport building materials, such as large pillars and tiles, by water in short bursts, to efficiently construct key structures of a city based on meticulous planning,” he said. “I believe that the trenches were most likely a portion of the canal built to transport building materials for Yugedera and Yuge-no-miya."

In the finding announced in February, archaeologists said the possible foundations of the Yugedera's pagoda were found in a geological layer dating to the late Nara Period.

The foundations measure approximately 20 meters by 20 meters, which suggests the structure was at least seven stories high and rose to a height of more than 60 meters.
- source : asahi.com/ajw/articles... 2017 -




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由義宮(ゆげのみや、ゆげぐう)Yugenomiya, Yugeguu - wikipedia

- Reference in Japanese - 弓削の宮 -
- Reference - osaka yuge no miya -

- reference - yugi no miya osaka -


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- #yugenomiya #yuginomiya #yugedera #yugeosaka #osakayuge #osakayugi -
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2017-08-08

Heian no Yami books

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. ABC List of Heian Contents .
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Heian no Yami 平安の闇 The Dark Side of the Heian Period

There are books and other material on this dark subject !
Book details are available at
https://www.amazon.co.jp

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平安の闇
樺島忠夫 Kabashima Tadao (1927 - )

In former times the nights in the capital were dark.
In the darkness were dangers for the human life, robbers and demons and other things not well known, but to be feared.


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平安の闇に、ようこそ
Welcome to the Dark Side of the Heian Period!

Onmyōji Dokuhon: Heian No Yami Ni, Yōkoso
『陰陽師』読本 ― from the series about Onmyoshi
夢枕獏 Yumemakura Baku

安倍晴明・源博雅コンビ誕生の謎を解く!?
the secrets of Abe no Seimei and Minamoto no Hiromasa
野村萬斎との対談、登場人物、作品詳解等で徹底解剖

Baku Yumemakura 夢枕 獏 Yumemakura Baku,
(born 1951 in Odawara, Kanagawa) is a Japanese science fiction and adventure writer.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


. Abe no Seimei 阿倍晴明 (921 - 1005) .
- 陰陽道 Onmyo-Do - The Way of Yin and Yang

. Minamoto no Hiromasa 源博雅 (918 – 980) .
- a 雅楽 Gagaku musician -
and the magical aobabue 青葉笛flute with green bamboo leaves


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平安時代という闇の深い時代



- reference source : tihourekisimatome.blog.jp/archives... -

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. Legends - Heian Period (794 to 1185) - Introduction .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .

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2016-10-07

Nara and Persia

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. ABC List of Contents - Nara Period .
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Nara and Persia
奈良時代 / ペルシャ人役人存在


- quote Japan Times -
Ancient inscription suggests Persian official worked in 8th century Nara
Ancient Japan may have been far more cosmopolitan than previously thought, archaeologists said Wednesday, pointing to fresh evidence of a Persian official working in the former capital of Nara more than 1,000 years ago.



Present-day Iran and Japan were known to have had direct trade links since at least the 7th century, but new testing on a piece of wood — first discovered in the ’60s — suggest broader ties, the researchers said.

Infrared imaging revealed previously unreadable characters on the wood — a standard writing surface in Japan before paper — that named a Persian official living in the country.

The official worked at an academy where government officials were trained, said Akihiro Watanabe, a researcher at the Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties.

The official may have been teaching mathematics, Watanabe added, pointing to ancient Iran’s expertise in the subject.

“Although earlier studies have suggested there were exchanges with Persia as early as the 7th century, this is the first time a person as far away as Persia was known to have worked in Japan,” he said.

“And this suggests Nara was a cosmopolitan city where foreigners were treated equally.”

Nara was the capital of Japan known as Heijokyo from around 710 to around 784 before it was moved to Kyoto and later to present-day Tokyo.

The discovery comes after another team of researchers last month unearthed ancient Roman coins at the ruins of an old castle in Okinawa Prefecture.

It was the first time coins from the once mighty empire have been discovered in Japan, thousands of kilometers from where they were likely minted.
- source : Japan Times -


奈良市の平城宮跡から出土した8世紀中頃の木簡に、ペルシャ(現代のイラン付近)を意味する「破斯(はし)」という名字を持つ役人の名前が書かれていたことが、奈良文化財研究所の調査でわかった。
source : news.yahoo.co.jp/pickup


破斯清通 - はしのきよみち: Hashi no Kiyomichi

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- Reference in Japanese -
- Reference in English -

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2016-04-14

signature kao and osumitsuki

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. ABC List of Heian Contents .
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kaoo, kaō 花押 Kao official signature


周匝青木家古文書 - 武兵太の花押 (嘉永元年) 1848
- Look at more samples -
source : geocities.jp/ja3fen2/aoki_komonjo


- quote -
Kaō first appeared in China during the Tang Dynasty,
and began to be used in Japan during the Heian period.
Though their use became far less widespread after the Edo period, they continue to be used even by some contemporary politicians and other famous people. The reading and identification of individual kaō often requires specialist knowledge; whole books devoted to the topic have been published.
Often used by a Japanese swordsmith on sword tang (nakago).
- source : wikipedia -

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osumitsuki お墨付き, 御墨付き official document

An official document, ending with the Kao signature, given by the Shogun to a retainer when giving him a domain as a new regent or making other promises.

Now it is also an expression of approval.
taikoban o osu 太鼓判を押す stamp of approval





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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures


............................................................................. Miyagi 宮城県
Matsushima 松島町

Inozaki Inari 磯崎稲荷 Inozaki Shrine - 花押

文禄の朝鮮の役(1592)に、磯崎の水主が伊達勢の水軍として高麗に渡ったが、磯崎稲荷も眷属の狐を従えて出陣したといい、肥前の名護屋に滞陣中、その中の1匹が淀君の侍女について侍女が病気になる。それを追い出そうとすると、「われこそは奥州松島は磯崎明神の眷属なるぞ」と力み返ったので、太閤大いに怒り、「汝早々に狐めを退散させずば、やわかそのままに差し置くべき」と、お叱り状に、稲荷太明神殿、太閤秀吉としたため、花押までつけて遣わしたので、狐も逃げ出し、侍女の病気も治ったという。このお叱り状は磯崎稲荷に長く伝えられていた。


............................................................................. Niigata 新潟県
Aga 阿賀町
. kitsune 狐 fox legend .
..... along the 新発田街道 Shibata Kaido Highway


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Kao of Tokugawa, now even on a Zippo lighter!
ZIPPO 戦国武将 家紋・花押シリーズ 徳川家康

- source : amazon.co.jp -

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役者絵の花押にほふや枇杷の花
yakusha-e no kaoo niou ya biwa no hana

the signature of the actor's print
is so fragrant . . .
loquat blossoms


北川みよ子 Kawakami Miyoko

. biwa no hana 枇杷のはな (びわのはな) loquat blossoms .
- kigo for mid-winter -


source : tweez.net/ukiyoeota
五代目市川団十郎 Ichikawa Danjuro V

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遺言の末尾に花押初時雨
塚本邦雄

遠き祖の花押に憑かれ返り花
松本澄江

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- Reference - 花押 -
- Reference - 御墨付き -

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. Edo bakufu 江戸幕府 The Edo Government .

. tera-uke shoomon 寺請証文 Shomon document of proof from a temple.

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. Legends - Heian Period (794 to 1185) - Introduction .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .

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2016-04-10

Natural Disasters LIST

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .
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Natural Disasters and Legends 自然災害 伝説 shizen saigai
- Naturkatastrophe - desaster


There are many forms of natural disasters ever since human beings settled on the Islands of Japan.


source : roof-partner.com/natural-disaster
自然災害とは . . .

This is a growing list of legends and tales related to them.
- drought, earthquake, flooding, landslides, tsunami, typhoon, volcanic eruption -

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drought often followed by famine
. hideri 旱 kanbatsu 旱魃 drought .
旱 10 to explore
旱魃 93 to explore

. kikin 飢饉 great famine .


source : en.rocketnews24.com/2016/03/10

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. earthquake, jishin 地震 Legends about Earthquakes .
Earthquakes in Kumamoto, April, 2016


source : en.rocketnews24.com/2016/03/10

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floods, flooding
. koozui 洪水(こうずい)flood, flooding .


source : en.rocketnews24.com/2016/03/10


111 to explore
demizu 出水 17 to explore

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landslides, mudslides
. doshakuzure 土砂崩れ landslide legends .
gakekuzure 崖崩れ / jisuberi 地滑り
masago 土砂 (マサゴ) / dosha 土砂 earth and sand - for construction work

. dosha-kaji 土砂加持 ritual to prevent landslides .

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. tsunami 津波 Tsunami .
and the
Tohoku Region Pacific Ocean Offshore Earthquake March 11, 2011
.
1771 - Great Yaeyama Tsunami 八重山大津波 (also called 明和の大津波, the Great Tsunami of Meiwa)
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yamatsunami 山津波 "mountain Tsunami", landslide

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typhoon
. taifuu 台風 typhoon, Taifun .

31 to explore


source : en.rocketnews24.com/2016/03/10

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volcanic eruption
. kazan 火山 volcano .
funka 噴火 10 to explore
kazan 火山 2 to explore
焼火山権現 2 to explore
火山弾 1 to explore

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Main volcanos in Kyushu . . . all in one line . . .
in extension of the
the Japanese Median Tectonic Line (MTL) (中央構造線 Chūō Kōzō Sen),
with respect to the strong quakes in Kumamoto in April 2016.


source : qbiz.jp/article

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- Reference - nichibun yokai database -


天下大変 -資料に見る江戸時代の災害 Tenka Taihen !
- reference : archives.go.jp/exhibition -

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. Legends - Heian Period (794 to 1185) - Introduction .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .

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- #naturaldisasters #disasters #desasters #naturkatastrophen -
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2016-02-22

Haniwa figures

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haniwa 埴輪 / はにわ terracotta clay figures
and the clan Hajibe, Haji-Be 土師部 / 土部



The Haniwa (埴輪) are terracotta clay figures which were made for ritual use and buried with the dead as funerary objects during the Kofun period (3rd to 6th century AD) of the history of Japan.
Haniwa were created according to the wazumi technique, in which mounds of coiled clay were built up to shape the figure, layer by layer.
The Haniwa were made with water-based clay and dried into a coarse and absorbent material that stood the test of time. Their name means “circle of clay” referring to how they were arranged in a circle above the tomb. The protruding parts of the figures were made separately and then attached, while a few things were carved into them. They were smoothed out by a wooden paddle. Earth terraces were arranged to place them with a cylindrical base into the ground, where the earth would hold them in place.
- MORE in the WIKIPEDIA !


. doguu, Dogū 土偶 clay figure, clay figurine .
small humanoid and animal figurines made during the late Jōmon period (14,000 BC to 400 BC) of prehistoric Japan

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haniwa はにわ【埴輪】“clay cylinder” or “circle of clay”
clay image at ancient burial mounds
discussion on Japanese haniwa (埴輪) and the kofun (古墳) period.
..... haniwa were meant to be seen.
That is, instead of being buried deep underground with the deceased, haniwa occupied and marked the open surfaces of the colossal tombs. However, it is unlikely that they were readily visible to any person who happened to pass by since the tombs were sacred, ritualized spaces that were usually surrounded by one or more moats. As a result, close visual contact with haniwa would not have been easy for unauthorized visitors. .....
Monumental tombs and early Japan
Three periods in tomb-building practices
Evolution and placement of haniwa
Haniwa in the form of animals, people and buildings
What role did haniwa play?
Style
Closeup of the Warrior Haniwa

- source : Dr. Yoko Hsueh Shirai -

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- quote -
Haji ware (土師器 Hajiki)
is a type of plain, unglazed, reddish-brown Japanese pottery or earthenware that was produced during the Kofun, Nara, and Heian periods of Japanese history. It was used for both ritual and utilitarian purposes, and many examples have been found in Japanese tombs, where they form part of the basis of dating archaeological sites.
- History -
Haji ware evolved in the 4th century AD (during the Tumulus period) from the Yayoi ware of the preceding period. The ornate decorations of Yayoi pottery were replaced by a plain, undecorated style, and the shapes began to become standardized. Great amounts of this pottery were produced by dedicated craft workshops in what later became the provinces of Yamato and Kawachi, and spread from there throughout western Japan, eventually reaching the eastern provinces. Some Haji ware pottery has been found in the enormous tombs of the Japanese emperors. By the end of the 5th century, Haji pottery was imitating Sue ware forms.
In the Nara period,
Haji ware was often burnished and smoke-blackened by being fired in an oxygen-reduction atmosphere but at low temperatures. This sub-style is known as kokushoku-doki.
Haji ware came to an end with the development of glazes and ceramics in the late Heian period.
During a 2007 underwater archaeology survey on Ojikajima by the Asian Research Institute of Underwater Archaeology, examples of Chinese ceramics and Haji ware was recovered.



- Characteristics -
Haji ware is typically a rust-red pottery, made of clay that was built up in rings or coils, rather than being thrown on a potters wheel. The exterior and usually the interior surfaces were finished by scraping smooth with a piece of wood. It was fired at temperatures below 1000 deg C in surface fires or oxidizing fires rather than kilns.
Most of Haji ware
is undecorated and has wide rims. However, ritual and funerary objects were also made in the form of houses, boats, animals, women, hunters, musicians, and warriors, which were often placed inside tombs On occasion, these objects were placed outside the tomb to guard it. One pot that was found at an archaeological site in Hachiōji, Tokyo has a globular body, averted mouth, rounded base, solid triangular handle, painted in dark grey pigment on one side with a human face painted on the front.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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- quote -
Hajibe 土師部 / 土師氏 / 土部とも書く。
土師連(むらじ)を伴造(とものみやつこ)とし、朝廷に埴輪(はにわ haniwa)・土師器(はじき hajiki)を貢進し、葬礼をも担当したトモまたはその部民。『日本書紀』垂仁(すいにん Suinin)天皇32年条に、土部連の始祖
野見宿禰(のみのすくね Nomi no Sukune)が出雲(いずも Izumo)国(島根県)土部100人を率い殉人(じゅんにん)の代用として埴輪をつくった説話がみえる。
土師部は出雲をはじめ山城(やましろ)、摂津(せっつ)、河内(かわち)、和泉(いずみ)、遠江(とおとうみ)、武蔵(むさし)、下総(しもうさ)、常陸(ひたち)、美濃(みの)、若狭(わかさ)、丹後(たんご)、但馬(たじま)、因幡(いなば)、石見(いわみ)に設定された。雄略(ゆうりゃく)天皇17年条に贄土師部(にえのはじべ Nie no Hajibe)の貢進がみえ、のち諸陵司の伴部となった。
[前川明久]
- source : kotobank.jp -


. Hajidera 土師寺 and 道明寺天満宮 / Osaka .
Domyoji Tenmangu Shrine originates in Haji Shrine that Haji Tribe built in 3 A.D. to enshrine their ancestor Amenohohi no mikoto (the son of Amaterasu Omikami, the goddess of the sun).

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- quote -
Kofun (300 – 710 AD)
From the late 4th century AD, the dead start to get gifts in their tombs such as iron weapons and armour. These, and tomb paintings, are clear signs of contact with Korea and immigration of Korean artisans. So, next to the Suebe clay work that we have seen already in the Joumon period, these immigrants started making Hajibe clay work (darker, reddish). They made Haniwa out of this, which are little clay figures or cylindrical shapes, put on top of tomb hills. Also, there is evidence of some Japanese state being politically and militaristically involved on the Korean peninsula.
- source : ansui.wordpress.com/ -


Hajibe : Families or clans of potters (some from Korea) who, from about the fourth ... Yayoi pottery, mainly for the Yamato court; they probably also made haniwa.

- reference : haniwa hajibe clan -

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野見宿禰と大和出雲 / 池田 雅雄

. Nomi no Sukune 野見宿禰 .
and the Sumo Jinja 相撲神社
The 菅原氏 Sugawara clan is said to be descended from 天穂日命 Ameno Hohino Mikoto and the Haji clan, one of whose ancestors was Nomi no Sukune, famous as the pioneer of Sumo.

Nomi no Sukune is mythically credited with contriving the haniwa, the terracotta figurines, which were used doing the Kofun period ...
Making the first haniwa under Nomi no Sukune's supervision ...

A potter from Izumo named Nomi no Sukune declared:
"It is not good to bury living men upright at the tumulus of a prince. ... Let it be the law for future ages to substitute things of clay for living men and set them up at tumuli." ...

- reference : haniwa nomi no sukune -

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mogari もがり【殯】 funeral rites

- quote -
THE MOGARI RITE THROUGH THE HISTORY OF JAPANESE CULTURE
..... The supposed etymology is as following. Mogari - from mo (mourning) + agari (ascend to heaven, /soul/ is flying away). Araki - /temporary/mausoleum (tomb) of newly dead \whose spirit is not appeased yet/, comp.; aramitatama - "spirit unappeased", arabotoke - newly dead /before first obon/, arakuchi - first after someone's death shaman's interrogation with his spirit; kijo:shiro - castle, palace, iwaki - "rock/cave tomb", ishiki - stone tomb, okutsuki - deep tomb, imaki - new tomb.
.....
Asobi-be
In- & outside the hinkyu (esp. of a dead sovereign) mogari-no matsuri (funeral festival) took place; its purpose was to call back the soul and bring the dead back to life, to pacify his potentially dangerous spirit in order to pass it to the successor or to send it off to nether world; thus the deification of the dead began. It included mogari-no asobi (funeral "play/game") with various dancing and singing. Beside relatives and officials there were two groups of funeral ritualists called Haji-be and Asobi-be.
Haji-be were constructing hinkyu, tombs, making haniwa. Asobi-be danced chinkon/tamafuri-no mai (dances to appease the souls of the dead) and sang shokonka/chinkonka (songs to call back and pacify the souls).
Asobi-be represented the occupational group of traditional Japanese shamans who were involved not only in funeral rituals, but also in the seasonal erotic festivities kagai\utagaki, other festivals and ceremonies (including Daijosai). Ecstatic dances of Asobi-be (from Hijiki-wake clan) lately developed in nembutsu-odori performed in Buddhist sect Ji-shu: (or Yugyo-ha - School of Wanderers, "yu/asobi"); thus sect Ji-shu: derived from exorcist rituals of asobi-be. Particularly, among its followers were Nogaku actors.
- - - - - read the essay here
- source : ru-jp.org/yaponovedy_baksheev -

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細長いだるまのような踊る埴輪です
A long dancing Haniwa, like Daruma




Look at many more new-type Haniwa items - 2015 - Let's make Haniwa!
- source : kumagaya-bunkazai.jp/museum -


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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures


............................................................................. Kyoto 京都 

. Fukakusa-yaki 深草焼 Clay Dolls from Fukakusa .
Clay Dolls from Fushimi - 伏見土人形

Fushimi Doll is a clay doll whose originator is said to be Hajibe who settled in Fukakusa
before the Nara era. 土師部 Hajibe is a tribe who was notable for their skills in making Haniwa (a clay image placed in ancient burial mounds) and earthenware.
The doll was made of clay from Mt. Inari, and was distributed widely, not only in old capital provinces but to Shikoku and Kyushu. The doll became the precursor of clay dolls that number approximately 90 types nationwide, such as Hakata Doll, Tsutsumi Doll of Sendai and Nakano Doll of Shinshu.
- source : ndl.go.jp/scenery/kansai -



............................................................................. Miyazaki 愛媛県



. haniwa ningyoo はにわ人形 Haniwa dolls .



............................................................................. Niigata 新潟県 

Kappa-type Dogu from Niigata, Itoigawa region
新潟土偶(カッパ型)from 新潟県糸魚川市長者


source : haniwadokoro.cart.fc2.com


. 河童 / かっぱ / カッパ - Kappa, the Water Goblin of Japan! .




............................................................................. Osaka 大阪 


埴輪馬 haniwa horse

. Osaka, Sakai town 堺市 .
住吉大社の諸玩具 Clay Dolls and Toys from shrine Sumiyoshi Taisha


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- Reference in Japanese 埴輪 -
- Reference in English -

. Legends - Heian Period (794 to 1185) - Introduction .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .

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haniwa gangu 埴輪玩具 Haniwa toys


CLICK for more photos !

. gangu 玩具伝説, omochcha おもちゃ toy, toys .

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source : 白馬の少年

春愁や遠きいくさの埴輪武士
shunshuu ya tooki ikusa no haniwa bushi

spring melancholy -
this Haniwa soldier
of long times past


高知城 seen at the castle in Kochi

河野南畦 Kano Nankei (1913 - 1995)

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冬の日に埴輪掘りたる人死ぬか
とろ~と冬日が溶ける埴輪かな

萩原麦草

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時雨るるや手あげて埴輪夫を恋ふ
野見山朱鳥


太刀佩ける埴輪をのこに梅咲けり
福田蓼汀

愛する時獣皮のような苔の埴輪
赤尾兜子


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- #haniwafigures #haniwadolls -
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. Yakimono 焼物 / Setomono 瀬戸物 pottery, crockery .
- Introduction -

[ . BACK to DARUMA MUSEUM TOP . ]
[ . BACK to WORLDKIGO . TOP . ]

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2015-11-18

Ashikaga Gakko

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. ABC List of Heian Contents .
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Ashikaga Gakkoo 足利学校 Ashikaga Gakkō, The Ashikaga School,
The Ashikaga Academy


- quote -
Japan's oldest academic institution. It is located in Ashikaga city, Tochigi Prefecture, about 70 kilometres north of Tokyo.
There has been some controversy as to when it was built, but it is said that it was founded in the ninth century ca. 832 in the Heian period by the poet Ono no Takamura 小野篁
and restored in 1432 by Deputy Shogun Uesugi Norizane 上杉憲実; he imported many classical Chinese books, many of which are still kept in the school.



Many students came from all over Japan to study Confucianism, I Ching and Chinese medicine.
In the 1500s more than 3000 students came to study Confucianism, Chinese Medicine, Divination, and military studies. The famous library contains more than 12,000 volumes (mostly in Chinese) and some of Japan's oldest historical documents,
The pioneering Roman Catholic missionary, Saint Francis Xavier, noted in 1549 that the Ashikaga School was the largest and most famous university of eastern Japan.

After the Meiji Restoration, the Ashikaga School was disestablished. After 1990 several wooden buildings including the former student living quarters, classrooms and the library were restored as a National Historic Site. The re-established school is now under the direction of Ashikaga city Board of Education.

Under the Tokugawa Shogunate during the Edo period (1600 – 1868) Ashikaga town participated in the prosperity of Edo (former name of Tokyo) and two of Ashikagas specialties being soba and silk became and remained famous until modern times. Silk production made Ashikaga town with textile manufacturing one of the leading centers of Japan's industrial revolution. Even today Edo period merchant stronghouses and active textile handcrafters can be seen. In many local souvenir shops fine woven goods can be found.

- source : wikipedia -
- source : en.japantravel.com -

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There were three gates to the compound.


入徳門 Nyutoku gate. Nyutoku is derived from the Chinese characters for "enter" and "virtue". It can be interpreted to mean that by proceeding with the course of study, one enters into the Confucian way of virtue. This gate was erected in 1668.

学校門 School gate, It is known as School gate due to its framed tablet of the Chinese characters that depict "school". It was erected in 1668.

杏壇門 Kyodan gate. This building is still the original.
The name of this gate is derived from the academy where Confucius first began to teach his course of study. It was erected in 1668.



孔子廟 Confucian shrine
It is the oldest Confucian shrine still existing in Japan. The seated image of Confucius, the image of Lord Ono-no Takamura and 4 wooden memorial tablets are dedicated in this wooden structure, that the style of construction was modeled after that used in Ming Dynasty, China.

字降り松 Kanafuri matsu , pine tree shedding Kanji readings
There is an old story that a student wrote a difficult word that he didn't know how to read and couldn't understand on a piece of paper and hung it on this tree. The next morning he found the answer. And after, many people became to follow him. And it became to be called this pine tree "Kanafuri matsu".

南庭園 The Southern Park
方丈 The School building
北庭園 The Northern Park, seen best from the living quarters of the Headmaster.
- source : city.ashikaga.tochigi.jp -

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. Ono no Takamura 小野篁 / Sangi no Takamura 参議篁 .
(802 - 852) - an early Heian period scholar and poet.

Takamura was a descendant of Ono no Imoko who served as Kenzuishi, and his father was Ono no Minemori. He was the grandfather of Ono no Michikaze, one of the three famous calligraphers (三筆 sanpitsu). In 834 he was appointed to Kintōshi, but in 838 after a quarrel with the envoy, Fujiwara no Tsunetsugu, he gave up his professional duties pretending to be ill, and attracted the ire of retired Emperor Saga, who sent him to Oki Province. Within two years he regained the graces of the court and returned to the capital where he was promoted to Sangi.

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Uesugi Norizane 上杉憲実
(1410 – 1466)
was a Japanese samurai of the Uesugi clan who held a number of high government posts during the Muromachi period.



Shugo (Constable) of Awa and Kōzuke Province, he was appointed Kantō kanrei (Shogun's deputy in the Kantō region) in 1419, as an assistant to Kantō kubō Ashikaga Mochiuji. When Mochiuji rebelled against the shogunate, and attacked Norizane directly, Norizane complained to the shogunate, and fled to Kōzuke province. He returned to Kamakura in 1439, following Mochiuji's death.
Norizane, as Kantō kanrei, now controlled the Kantō in the absence of a Kantō kubō; from then on, the kanrei would be the shogun's direct deputy, the kubō serving only as an empty title.
Norizane left his post to his brother Uesugi Kiyotaka soon afterwards, and became a Buddhist monk.
Over the course of his life, he was the patron of the Ashikaga Academy and helped to expand its library.
- source : wikipedia -

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. Manase Dōsan 曲直瀬道三 Manase Dosan .
(1507 - 1594)
He studied medicine at this school.

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- Reference in Japanese -
- Reference in English -

. Legends - Heian Period (794 to 1185) - Introduction .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .

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華鬘草足利学校の裏に摘む
kemansoo ashikaga gakkoo no ura ni tsumu

bleeding heart blossoms
I picked at the back
of Ashikaga school


岡本敬子 Okamoto Keiko

. kemansoo 華鬘草 "Keman flower" bleeding heart .
- - kigo for late Spring - -


source : ukon3.sblo.jp/article

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足利学校菜園に摘む貝割菜

岩上登代 Iwagami Toyo

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足利学校楷樹裸木そびえしむ

阿部ひろし Abe Hiroshi


. Utamakura 歌枕 place names used in Poetry .

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. Shizutani Gakko 閑谷学校 Shizutani Academy, Okayama .
the oldest free public school in the Japan. built by Lord Mitsumasa Ikeda, to educate the children of the commoners in the province -- not just the children of the samurai class.



Meirinkan (明倫館)
was a han school located in the Chōshū Domain of Japan. The school was one of the three major educational institutions in Japan, along with the Kōdōkan in Mito Domain and Shizutani School in Okayama Domain.
The school was established in 1718 by the 6th Chōshū Domain daimyō Mōri Yoshimoto . . .
Hagi Meirinkan (萩明倫館)
Yamaguchi Meirinkan (山口明倫館) - Kameyama Campus (亀山校地 Kameyama kōchi) in 1861
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !



. Tooju shoin 藤樹書院 Toju Private School, Toju Study - Shiga .
Nakae Tōju 中江藤樹 Nakae Toju - "the sage of Ōmi" 近江聖人.
(21 April 1608 – 11 October 1648)

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. Join the friends on Facebook ! .

- #ashikagagakko #uesuginorizane #ononotakamura -
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2015-07-27

kinzan ginzan mines

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. Legends - Heian Period (794 to 1185) - Introduction .
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kinzan 金山 ginzan 銀山 - gold and silver mines and their legends


Roben prayed to the statue to help him find a gold mine for the emperor, who wanted to use gold to coat the Great Buddha under construction at the Todaiji temple in current Nara.
A gold mine was then found in the Mutsu region, in current Miyagi Prefecture.

. Genji Monogatari  源氏物語 .
- Introduction -

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The most famous gold mine is in Sado Island.

Sado bugyō 佐渡奉行
– Overseers of the island and gold mines of Sado Island.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. The Legend of “Zipangu,” the Land of Gold .

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Hiraizumi Gold Mine 平泉
Hiraizumi's past wealth was based on its local gold mines as the Fujiwara clan attempted to build a "paradise on earth" at the beginning of the 12th century building large temples, palaces and monasteries.
Read more:
http://www.japanvisitor.com/japan-city-guides/hiraizumi-guide#ixzz3h3I0RasF



Narumi kinzan 鳴海金山 Narumi Gold Mine
in Echigo since the Heian period
越後の鳴海金山、血色の鍾乳石

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Iwami ginzan 石見銀山


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- - - - - Legends - ABC List of the prefectures :

.................................................................. Toyama Aichi 富山県 ....................................................................

大山町
好景気に酔った坑夫が炊きたての飯だけを食べ、冷や飯を谷に投げ捨てた。更に立山町横江の宮の神木を切って坑内の矢留木にした。その神木を運んだ時、後ろから醜い二人のグザ(あばた面)がついてきた。それがシキに入ると天地鳴動して銀山が崩れた。



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- Reference in Japanese -

- Reference in English -

yokai database 妖怪データベース -金山 48 entries (00)
- source : www.nichibun.ac.jp -

yokai database 妖怪データベース - 銀山
- source : www.nichibun.ac.jp -

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. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師 空海 - 伝説 .

. minwa 民話 folktales / densetsu 伝説 Japanese Legends .
- Introduction -

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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. Join the friends on Facebook ! .

- #kinzangoldmine #ginzansilvermine #goldmine -
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Kofun period

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. Legends - Heian Period (794 to 1185) - Introduction .
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kofun jidai 古墳時代 burial mound period - 250 to 538
kofun 古墳 burial mound, tumulus




- quote -
The Kofun period (古墳時代 Kofun jidai)
is an era in the history of Japan from around 250 to 538. It follows the Yayoi period. The word kofun is Japanese for the type of burial mounds dating from this era. The Kofun and the subsequent Asuka periods are sometimes referred to collectively as the Yamato period. The Kofun period is the oldest era of recorded history in Japan; as the chronology of its historical sources tends to be very distorted, studies of this period require deliberate criticism and the aid of archaeology.

The Kofun period is divided from the Asuka period by its cultural differences. The Kofun period is characterized by a Shinto culture which existed[citation needed] prior to the introduction of Buddhism. Politically, the leader of a powerful clan won control over much of west Honshū and the northern half of Kyūshū and eventually established the Imperial House of Japan. Kofun burial mounds on Tanegashima and two very old Shinto shrines on Yakushima suggest that these islands were the southern boundaries of the Yamato state, while its northernmost extent was as far north as Tainai in the modern Niigata Prefecture, where mounds have been excavated associated with a person with close links to the Yamato kingdom.
- More
- source : wikipedia -


2019 - May 15
UNESCO panel recommends adding Japan’s Mozu-Furuichi tombs to World Heritage List

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Daisen Kofun 大仙古墳 - Introduction
The Imerial Lineage / The Emperor / Mozu Kofungun
in Sakai, Osaka
- source : ...daisenkofun/home... -


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The Kitora Tomb キトラ古墳 Kitora Kofun
an ancient tumulus (kofun in Japanese) located in the village of Asuka, Nara Prefecture, Japan. The tomb is believed to have been constructed some time between the 7th and early 8th centuries, but was only discovered in 1983.
- source : wikipedia -

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. Anafudoo Kofun 穴不動古墳 Anafudo Kofun Mound . - Tokushima

. Anayakushi Kofun 穴薬師古墳 (Yakushi Nyorai) . - Ibaraki

. Bontenyama Kofun Gun 梵天山古墳群 . - 常陸太田市 Ibaraki, Hitachi-Ota

. Gishiki no Iwaya 魏石鬼の岩屋 "Cave of the Gishiki Demon" . - Nagano

. Hashihaka Kofun 箸墓古墳 . - Nara
Princess Himiko or Pimiko (卑弥呼, 卑彌呼 d. ca. 248)

. Nekozuka Kofun 猫塚古墳 for a cat . - Miyagi

. Osaka Kofun Group 大阪古墳群 .
Mozu kofungun (百舌鳥古墳群) // Furuichi kofungun (古市古墳群)

. Otome Kanzawa Kofun 乙女寒沢古墳 .
Ibaraki, Oyama 栃木県小山市乙女947

. Tamagawadai kofun 玉川台古墳群 / 多摩川台 . - Ota, Tokyo

. Tengudani Kofun 天狗谷古墳 . - Ehime

. Tokyo - kofun 古墳 burial mounds in Tokyo .
- Musashi Fuchu Kumano Jinja Kofun 武蔵府中熊野神社古墳
- Ootsuka 大塚 Otsuka "big mound"
- Shiba Maruyama Kofun 芝丸山古墳

. Ushiishi Kofun 牛石古墳 Ushiishi burial mound, Osaka .

. Yakushido Hall Kofun mound 薬師堂古墳 Sabae, Fukui .

. Yamanokami kofun 山の神古墳 in Japan .


- - - - - Some legends relate to the
. kinkei 金鶏と伝説 Legends about the golden rooster .


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- - - - - Kofun Legends - ABC List of the prefectures :

.................................................................. Hyogo 兵庫県 ....................................................................
加東郡 Kato district

. kinkei 金鶏と伝説 Legends about the golden rooster .
Harima no Kinkei Legends - 播磨の金鶏埋宝伝説


.................................................................. Kyoto 京都府 ....................................................................
亀岡市 Kameoka 千歳町 Chitose

oogon no niwatori 黄金の鶏 the golden rooster
At the Kofun called 車塚 Kurumazuka there was a golden rooster burried among other things. Some people hear his call on the New Year's morning and they are said to be successfull later in life.


.................................................................. Nara 奈良県 ....................................................................
大柳生町 Oyagyucho

ケチ山 Kechiyama
The Kinkei Kofun 金鶏古墳 is said to be on Kechiyama. If people cut trees there, they will be cursed and doomed.

(Other sources place this Kofun in Hiroshima, Mie ...)

金鶏塚古墳(岡山) Kinkeizuka Kofun Okayama



.................................................................. Okayama 岡山県 ....................................................................

- 鼻ぐり塚 Hanagurizuka, Hanaguri tsuka -
備前一之宮・吉備津彦神社と備中一之宮・吉備津神社を結ぶ古道のちょうど中間あたりにあるのが、福田海本部である。
そこに畜霊供養の鼻ぐり塚がある。




.................................................................. Yamanashi 山梨県 ....................................................................
韮崎市 Nirasaki

赤染衛門の古墳 Kofun of Akazome Emon

天明年中の事。ある寺の本堂脇に苔むした古墳があった。中門を建立するためにこの古墳を取り払おうとした所、住僧の夢に夫人が現われ古墳を取り壊す事を嘆き、短冊を残した。目が覚めるとその短冊が枕元にあった。それは赤染衛門の筆であった。
.
韮崎の近くにある某寺に古墓があったのを取り払おうとすると、僧の夢に貴女が現れ、「なき跡のしるしとなれば其ままに問はれずとても有りてしもがな」という歌を書いた短冊を残して去ったという話がある。後の鑑定でこの短冊は赤染右衛門の筆跡であるとされた。

Akazome Emon 赤染衛門 (956–1041) was a Japanese waka poet and early historian who lived in the mid-Heian period. She is a member both of the Thirty Six Elder Poetic Sages (中古三十六歌仙 Chūko Sanjūrokkasen) and the Thirty Six Female Poetic Sages (女房三十六歌仙 Nyōbō Sanjūrokkasen).
Emon is thought to be the daughter of Akazome Tokimochi, but her biological father was likely her mother's first husband, Taira Kanemori. Emon was born before her mother's marriage to Tokimochi in the Akazome family. Her husband Ōe no Masahira was a famous literary scholar, and the couple were considered to be "lovebirds" (おしどり夫婦 oshidori fūfu).
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

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平景清の古墳 . . .
- source : nichibun yokai database -
- 28 entries (02)
- Akazome Emon / Kinkei


- Reference in Japanese -
- Reference in English -


. Japan Mystery com -- long list .
"古墳" の検索結果

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