. ABC List of Heian Contents .
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Ashikaga Gakkoo 足利学校 Ashikaga Gakkō, The Ashikaga School,
The Ashikaga Academy
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Japan's oldest academic institution. It is located in Ashikaga city, Tochigi Prefecture, about 70 kilometres north of Tokyo.
There has been some controversy as to when it was built, but it is said that it was founded in the ninth century ca. 832 in the Heian period by the poet Ono no Takamura 小野篁
and restored in 1432 by Deputy Shogun Uesugi Norizane 上杉憲実; he imported many classical Chinese books, many of which are still kept in the school.
Many students came from all over Japan to study Confucianism, I Ching and Chinese medicine.
In the 1500s more than 3000 students came to study Confucianism, Chinese Medicine, Divination, and military studies. The famous library contains more than 12,000 volumes (mostly in Chinese) and some of Japan's oldest historical documents,
The pioneering Roman Catholic missionary, Saint Francis Xavier, noted in 1549 that the Ashikaga School was the largest and most famous university of eastern Japan.
After the Meiji Restoration, the Ashikaga School was disestablished. After 1990 several wooden buildings including the former student living quarters, classrooms and the library were restored as a National Historic Site. The re-established school is now under the direction of Ashikaga city Board of Education.
Under the Tokugawa Shogunate during the Edo period (1600 – 1868) Ashikaga town participated in the prosperity of Edo (former name of Tokyo) and two of Ashikagas specialties being soba and silk became and remained famous until modern times. Silk production made Ashikaga town with textile manufacturing one of the leading centers of Japan's industrial revolution. Even today Edo period merchant stronghouses and active textile handcrafters can be seen. In many local souvenir shops fine woven goods can be found.
- source : wikipedia -
- source : en.japantravel.com -
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There were three gates to the compound.
入徳門 Nyutoku gate. Nyutoku is derived from the Chinese characters for "enter" and "virtue". It can be interpreted to mean that by proceeding with the course of study, one enters into the Confucian way of virtue. This gate was erected in 1668.
学校門 School gate, It is known as School gate due to its framed tablet of the Chinese characters that depict "school". It was erected in 1668.
杏壇門 Kyodan gate. This building is still the original.
The name of this gate is derived from the academy where Confucius first began to teach his course of study. It was erected in 1668.
孔子廟 Confucian shrine
It is the oldest Confucian shrine still existing in Japan. The seated image of Confucius, the image of Lord Ono-no Takamura and 4 wooden memorial tablets are dedicated in this wooden structure, that the style of construction was modeled after that used in Ming Dynasty, China.
字降り松 Kanafuri matsu , pine tree shedding Kanji readings
There is an old story that a student wrote a difficult word that he didn't know how to read and couldn't understand on a piece of paper and hung it on this tree. The next morning he found the answer. And after, many people became to follow him. And it became to be called this pine tree "Kanafuri matsu".
南庭園 The Southern Park
方丈 The School building
北庭園 The Northern Park, seen best from the living quarters of the Headmaster.
- source : city.ashikaga.tochigi.jp -
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. Ono no Takamura 小野篁 / Sangi no Takamura 参議篁 .
(802 - 852) - an early Heian period scholar and poet.
Takamura was a descendant of Ono no Imoko who served as Kenzuishi, and his father was Ono no Minemori. He was the grandfather of Ono no Michikaze, one of the three famous calligraphers (三筆 sanpitsu). In 834 he was appointed to Kintōshi, but in 838 after a quarrel with the envoy, Fujiwara no Tsunetsugu, he gave up his professional duties pretending to be ill, and attracted the ire of retired Emperor Saga, who sent him to Oki Province. Within two years he regained the graces of the court and returned to the capital where he was promoted to Sangi.
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Uesugi Norizane 上杉憲実
(1410 – 1466)
was a Japanese samurai of the Uesugi clan who held a number of high government posts during the Muromachi period.
Shugo (Constable) of Awa and Kōzuke Province, he was appointed Kantō kanrei (Shogun's deputy in the Kantō region) in 1419, as an assistant to Kantō kubō Ashikaga Mochiuji. When Mochiuji rebelled against the shogunate, and attacked Norizane directly, Norizane complained to the shogunate, and fled to Kōzuke province. He returned to Kamakura in 1439, following Mochiuji's death.
Norizane, as Kantō kanrei, now controlled the Kantō in the absence of a Kantō kubō; from then on, the kanrei would be the shogun's direct deputy, the kubō serving only as an empty title.
Norizane left his post to his brother Uesugi Kiyotaka soon afterwards, and became a Buddhist monk.
Over the course of his life, he was the patron of the Ashikaga Academy and helped to expand its library.
- source : wikipedia -
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. Manase Dōsan 曲直瀬道三 Manase Dosan .
(1507 - 1594)
He studied medicine at this school.
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- Reference in Japanese -
- Reference in English -
. Legends - Heian Period (794 to 1185) - Introduction .
. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .
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華鬘草足利学校の裏に摘む
kemansoo ashikaga gakkoo no ura ni tsumu
bleeding heart blossoms
I picked at the back
of Ashikaga school
岡本敬子 Okamoto Keiko
. kemansoo 華鬘草 "Keman flower" bleeding heart .
- - kigo for late Spring - -
source : ukon3.sblo.jp/article
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足利学校菜園に摘む貝割菜
岩上登代 Iwagami Toyo
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足利学校楷樹裸木そびえしむ
阿部ひろし Abe Hiroshi
. Utamakura 歌枕 place names used in Poetry .
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. Shizutani Gakko 閑谷学校 Shizutani Academy, Okayama .
the oldest free public school in the Japan. built by Lord Mitsumasa Ikeda, to educate the children of the commoners in the province -- not just the children of the samurai class.
Meirinkan (明倫館)
was a han school located in the Chōshū Domain of Japan. The school was one of the three major educational institutions in Japan, along with the Kōdōkan in Mito Domain and Shizutani School in Okayama Domain.
The school was established in 1718 by the 6th Chōshū Domain daimyō Mōri Yoshimoto . . .
Hagi Meirinkan (萩明倫館)
Yamaguchi Meirinkan (山口明倫館) - Kameyama Campus (亀山校地 Kameyama kōchi) in 1861
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !
. Tooju shoin 藤樹書院 Toju Private School, Toju Study - Shiga .
Nakae Tōju 中江藤樹 Nakae Toju - "the sage of Ōmi" 近江聖人.
(21 April 1608 – 11 October 1648)
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