Welcome !

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- - - - - Welcome to the Heian Period of Japan !

The Heian period  平安時代 Heian jidai 
794 to 1185.


CLICK for more colorful photos !

Read the introduction here:
- - - WIKIPEDIA - - -


This blog also covers the history and culture until the Heian period:

Legendary Emperors (660 BC - 269 AD)
Kofun Period (270-539)
Asuka Period (539–710)

. Nara Period (710 to 794) 　奈良時代 .

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Mosts of the material is preliminarily collected on my facebook page.
. Join - Heian Period - on Facebook ! .


Details of the period will be introduced.
The many legends of this period, including legends and haiku about it, will be introduced in more detail.

This BLOG also collects legends, tales and folklore of Japan.


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Gabi Greve

. ABC List of Contents - Heian Period .


A Gallery of the Darumapedia, Daruma Museum Japan.

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. Join the friends on Facebook ! .

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- the latest additions
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- #heianperiod #legendsofjapan #heianjidai #folklore -
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ABC List Contents

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
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. Legends and Tales from Japan　伝説 - Introduction .

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ABC List of Contents - Heian Period (794 to 1185)　平安時代
- - - - - and the periods up to Heian



. Books about the Heian Period .

. Reference online .


. kojiki 古事記 Furukotofumi, the oldest chronicle in Japan .

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source : metmuseum.org/toah


. Persons of the Heian Period .


. Shrines of the Heian Period　神社 .


. Temples of the Heian Period　寺 .


. Legends and tales 伝説 .


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- - - - - Keywords, terms, specialities - - - - -


Anna 安和 era (968 - 970)
- source : wikipedia -
- - - - - . Anna Incident - Heian History .


. aoba no fue 青葉の笛 flute with green leaves .
flute of the monsters 鬼笛 onibue


Architecture in the Heian Period
James T. Ulak
In 784 the emperor Kammu (737–806) relocated the seat of government to Nagaoka. Nagaoka was marred by contention and assassination, however, rendering it an inauspicious location for the capital. Thus, in 794 a site to the east of Nagaoka on a plain sheltered on the west, north, and east by mountains and intersected by ample north-south rivers was judged appropriate by geomancers. Named Heian-kyō (“Capital of Peace and Tranquility”) and later known as Kyōto, this city was modeled on the grid pattern of the Tang Chinese capital at Chang’an. Heian-kyō remained the site of the imperial residence . . . (100 of 10,500 words)
- source : global.britannica.com/art -


. Aristocrats in the Heian Period .

. Ashikaga Gakkoo　足利学校 Ashikaga Gakkō, The Ashikaga School,
The Ashikaga Academy and Ono no Takamura 小野篁 .

. Asuka Kiyomihara Palace　飛鳥　清見原 .

auspicious symbols
- matsukuware tsuru　松くわえ鶴 crane holding a pine branch

. awabi densetsu あわび　アワビ　鰒　鮑伝説　abalone legends .



. Ban Dainagon Ekotoba 伴大納言絵詞 picture scroll about the fire of Otemon 大手門 .

. Bandits, Pirates, Robbers - Heian History .

. Binbogami 貧乏神, Kyuuki 窮鬼 Kyuki - God of Poverty .

. Buddhism in Heian Japan .
- - - - - . Developments in Buddhism .

Buddhist sculptors 仏師 busshi - Heian Era
定朝 Jōchō Busshi (Jocho), 円派 Enpa and 院派 Inpa School
Magaibutsu 磨崖仏 cliff carvings
Artwork of the new sects, Tendai 天台 and Shingon 真言.
- source : Mark Schumacher -

. bussokusekika 仏足石歌, "Buddha footprint poems" .


Cleveland Museum pieces
Art of Japan: Masterpieces from the Cleveland Museum of Art / Heian (14 results)
- source : books.google.co.jp -

Colors of the Heian period
. . . A glimpse of many shades of color at the neck, sleeve and hemline . . .
check : Fujiwara no Teika "Meigetsu-Ki" Bright Moon Diary
. Japanese Colors - Introduction .
- - - - - . The Traditional Colors of Japan / by Sarah W . *


. daidokoro, daibandokoro 台盤所 kitchen .

Daijō-kan, Dajō-kan, Daijookan 太政官 Great Council of State
three ministers— : Daijō-daijin (Chancellor), Sadaijin (Minister of the Left) and Udaijin (Minister of the Right)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

Dazaifu 大宰府 regional government in Kyushu, "the distant capital"
from the 8th to the 12th centuries.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. dengaku mai 田楽舞 Dengaku dance .


. Echizen shikki 越前漆器 Echizen laquer ware .
In 527A.D., when the 26th emperor of Japan was young, he ordered a lacquerware craftsman in Echizen to repair his crown . . .

emaki　絵巻 picture scrolls - tba
Ban Dainagon ekotoba (The Tale of the Courtier Ban Dainagon)
Chōjū giga (Scroll of Frolicking Animals)
Genji Monogatari emaki (The Illustrated Tale of Genji)
Shigisan engi emaki (Legends of Mt. Shigi)
- - Emaki, narrative scrolls from Japan – Miyeko Murase
- - Critical Terms for Art History - Nelson, Shiff
- - The Practices of Painting in Japan - Quitman Phillips


. Food and Drink in the Heian Period .

. Fujiwara regency - Heian History .


. gangu 玩具, omochcha おもちゃ toy, toys .
In the Heian period, it was called “mote (or mochi)- asobimono (mote or mochi means to hold in a hand, and asobimono means something to play with),” or it was referred to as simply “asobimono” in the Tale of Genji.

. Genji Monogatari 源氏物語 The Tale of Genji .
. . . . . Murasaki Shikibu

. Genpei War 源平戦争 - Heian History .
the Minamoto (源) and the Taira (平). The Heian Period ends with the Genpei War.

. gold and silver mines - kinzan 金山 ginzan 銀山 .

. Gold and Silver, Zipangu .


. goryoo, onryoo 御霊、怨霊 vengeful spirits .
Sudo Tenno 崇道天皇 and his son,
Iyo Shinno 伊予親王.
his mother, Fujiwara Fujin, 藤原婦人
Fujiwara Hirotsugu, 藤原広嗣
Tachibana Hayanari, 橘逸勢
Bunya no Miyata Maro　文室宮田麻呂
Kibi no Makibi 吉備真備
Sugawara Michizane　菅原道真


. Gozu Tennō 牛頭天王　Gozu Tenno Deity .


haiku about Heian　俳句と平安

hairstyle

. hamaya 破魔矢 and busha matsuri 歩射祭 or 奉射祭 .
- - - - - New Year ritual archery

. Hanami　花見 "Blossom viewing party" .

. haniwa はにわ【埴輪】“clay cylinder”clay figures .
- and the Hajibe 土師部 clan / mogari funeral rites もがり【殯】


. Hashihime, Hashi Hime 橋姫 / はし姫 "Princess of the Bridge" .
turning into a vengeful Oni demon

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. Heian bijin　平安美人 a beauty of the Heian Period, Heian Beauty . *
- - - - - . Aristocrats in the Heian Period - beauty .
- - - - - . The Fair Face of Japanese Beauty
Cosmetics for Japanese Women from the Heian Period to Today. *

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Heianjo, Heian Jo 平安城 "The Castle of Heian"
平安城首 / 平安城尾 / 左 青竜 / 右 白虎 / 前 朱雀 / 後 玄武
『都名所図会』で京を巡る Kyo Meisho Zue - Illustrations of the famous places
. 都名所図会 Kyo Meisho Zue . *


Heian Kyoo 平安京 (literally "tranquility and peace capital") HeianKyo, Heian Kyo
was one of several former names for the city now known as Kyoto. It was the capital of Japan for over one thousand years, from 794 to 1868 with an interruption in 1180.
- Including Kadono District (Kadono-gun, Atago 愛宕郡) and Otagi District (Otagi-gun, 愛宕郡) of Yamashiro Province (Yamashiro no kuni, then 山背国)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !
- - - - - .The Ancient Capital Heian Kyo - by Parker .


. Heian matsuri 平安祭 Heian festival - Kyoto .
Jidai matsuri 時代祭 "Festival of the Ages" - October
- - - - - Heian Jinguu 平安神宮 Heian Jingu Shrine

. Heike densetsu　平家伝説 legends about the Heike clan .
The Tale of the Heike 平家物語 Heike Monogatari - 平 Taira - and more

. Heike tanuki 源平狸 papermache doll of a badger .
at Temple Yashima-Ji 屋島寺, Kagawa. The Tanuki believed that his former master was a prince of the Taira clan.

. hinomaru, hi no maru　日の丸 the Japanese Flag .
- - - - - Emperor Monmu used a flag representing the sun in his court in 701.

. hiragana　平仮名　ひらがな　writing system .

. Hiraizumi 平泉 in Iwate, the Golden Hall .
Fujiwara no Kiyohira 藤原清衡 and the Hiraizumi Fujiwara clan

. History of the Heian Period .
. . . . . Heian History by dates
- source : #heianhistory -

. Hoogen no ran, Hôgen no ran 　保元の乱　Hogen Disturbace - 1156 .



. ikiryō, shōryō, seirei, ikisudama 生霊 Ikiryo, "living ghost" .

Ima Kagami - Fujiwara no Tametsune

. imayoo, imayō 今様 Imayo, popular song, imayoo uta 今様歌 .
Imayo Awase: Song contest in the Heian period


. inbi no gohan 忌火の御飯 "rice on the memorial day" .

. Ise monogatari 伊勢物語 Tales of Ise .
. . . . . and Yatsuhashi 八橋

. ishinago 石子 / イシナゴ　/ いしなご / 石なご / 石投 / 擲石 toy stone pebbles .
いしなどり / 石な取り ishinadori / いしなごとり ishinagotori / 石投げ ishinage
and
saigi　賽木、伊勢の賽木（いせのさいぎ）wooden dice from Ise


. Jishin no Ran 壬申の乱 Jishin war - 672 .
Ōama no ōji 大海人皇子 Prince Oama - 天武天皇 Tenmu Tenno


. Kagerō Nikki　陽炎日記 / 蜻蛉日記 Kagero Nikki, The Kagero Diary .
- - - - - The Mayfly Diary, The Gossamer Years, by Michitsuna no Haha (ca. 935-95)

. kaiawase, kai-awase,kai awase 貝合; 貝合わせ shell-matching game .

. kanbun (kambun) 漢文 written Chinese, the official language *

. Kaneuri Kichiji 金売吉次 / 金売り吉次 / 吉次信高 / 橘次末春
Kichiji Nobutaka, Kitsuji Sueharu, Kane-uri Kichiji .
- legendary gold trader of the Heian Period

. kanju manju 干珠満珠 the tide jewels .

kanpaku 関白 Kampaku, regent
first secretary and regent who assists an adult emperor
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. kaoo, kaō 花押 Kao official signature .

. Kappa 河童 Water Goblin Legends of the Heian period .

. karuta, uta karuta 歌留多 Poetry card game .

. Kawara no In 河原院 Kawara-no-in - Kyoto .
official residence of 源融 Minamoto no Toru (822 - 895)


. kemari 蹴鞠 kick ball .

. Kimigayo 君が代 the Japanese Anthem .

kimono and fashion
- source : History-of-Kimono -
. juuni hitoe　十二単衣　12 layered court robe .

. Kinoshitagoma, 木ノ下駒 horse toy from Sendai .

kinri 禁裏 / 禁中 / 御所 living quarters of the emperor
- kinri sama 禁裏様 Emperor

Kin'yō Wakashū 金葉和歌集 Collection of Golden Leaves
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


. kofun jidai 古墳時代 burial mound period - 250 to 538 .
- Introduction and legends -


Kokin Wakashū 古今和歌集 Waka poetry anthology
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. Kokushi 国司 Kuni no tsukasa, regional governor .
and the legal system, Ritsuryō 律令 Ritsuryo

Konjaku Monogatari 今昔物語, Konjaku Monogatarishū 今昔物語集 Anthology of Tales from the Past
collection of over one thousand tales written during the late Heian period (794-1185)
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

. Korean heritage 韓国　Kankoku 　朝鮮 Chosen - Korea .

. koyomi 暦 Japanese calendars .
introduced in the Joogan 貞観 Jogan period (859 - 877).



. Legends of the Heian Period .

. Literature of the Heian Period　平安時代の文学 .


Makimuku Kofun and Himiko 纒向古墳群　卑弥呼


Makura no Sōshi 枕草子 Makura no Soshi, The Pillow Book
. by Sei Shōnagon 清少納言 Sei Shonagon .


. Manyooshuu, Man'yōshū 万葉集 Manyoshu, Manyo-Shu
Poetry "Collection of Ten Thousand Leaves" .


. Map 平安京オーバレイマップ .

. Masakado's Rebellion - Heian History .
. Taira no Masakado 平将門 (? – 940) .

. Matsuo Basho　松尾芭蕉 in the footsteps of the Heian period .

. Medicine - Honzo Wamyo 本草和名 . *

. Modori-bashi, modoribashi 戻橋 / 戻り橋 'Returning Bridge' . - Kyoto

. mokkoogata, mokko no katachi 木瓜形 four-lobed pattern .
..... "quince pattern", originated in Tang dynasty as a motif on courtiers' clothes and was very popular in the Heian period

. Motives and Symbols in Art .


Narumi Gold Mine in Echigo since the Heian period
越後の鳴海金山、血色の鍾乳石

nengoo, nengō 年号 Nengo, "year name", era name
- reference source : wikipedia -

. Nihon Ryōiki 日本霊異記 Nihon Ryoiki .
Ghostly Strange Records from Japan
Record of Miraculous Events in Japan
by Kyookai 景戒 （きょうかい/けいかい) Kyokai - Keikai, priest of Yakushi-Ji in the Nara period

. norito 神詞　のりと Shinto chants, incantations and prayers .

. Nue - Yorimasa and the Nue monster (鵺, 鵼, 恠鳥, or 奴延鳥) .


. Ogura Hyakunin Isshu 小倉百人一首 Poetry Collection of 100 Poets .


. onmyoodoo 陰陽道 Onmyo-Do, The Way of Yin and Yang .
Abe no Seimei 安倍晴明 (921 – 1005)

. Onsen - Eight famous old Hot Springs 八古湯 and their legends .
- and other hot springs dating back to the Heian period

Ookagami, Ōkagami 大鏡 Okagami, The Great Mirror - historical tale
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


. plum blossoms 梅花 loved in the Heian period.



. red and white 紅白 kohaku (koohaku) .
and the Battle of Dan-no-Ura 壇ノ浦の合戦

Romance - Forced Affection - Rape as the First Act of Romance in Heian Japan
- source : Stuart Iles -

Ryoounshuu, Ryōunshū 凌雲集 Ryounshu - kanshi poetry anthology
- source : wikipedia -


. samurai　侍 Samurai - servant .
In the early Heian period the word samurai meant servant and it had no military connotation and did not refer to a person of elite status.
. 4 The beginnings of the warrior (bushi) class - Heian History .
- - - - - . Rise of the military class .

. Sarutahiko densetsu 猿田彦伝説 Sarutahiko Legends .

. seko, haishi 背子 light robe or lover-friend .

Senzai Wakashū 千載和歌集 "Collection of a Thousand Years"
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

sesshoo, sesshō 摂政 regent
a title given to a regent who was named to assist either a child emperor before his coming of age, or an empress.
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

Shika Wakashū 詞花和歌集 "Collection of Verbal Flowers"
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

Shinsen Shōjiroku 新撰姓氏録 "New Selection and Record of Hereditary Titles and Family Names")
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !

shooen, shōen 荘園 or 庄園 shoen system
. 2 The development of the shoen system - Heian History .
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA !


sonsho darani, Sonshō darani - Holy and Virtuous Spell
Crown of the Victor Dharani / Bucho Sonsho Darani
darani 陀羅尼 spell against the monsters and demons that haunted the capital in the Heian period.


. soohei, sōhei 僧兵 Sohei, monk-warrior, monk-soldier .


. Sumitomo's Rebellion - Heian History .
Fujiwara no Sumitomo 藤原純友 (? - 941)
. . . . . provincial official and pirate, most famous for his efforts to establish a sort of pirate kingdom for himself in the Inland Sea region between 936 and 941.

. Suzakumon 朱雀門 Suzakumon (Shujakumon) Gate .

. Symbols and Art Motives .



. Taika Reform 大化の改新 Taika no Kaishin - 645 .
Emperor Kōtoku 孝徳天皇 Kotoku Tenno

. Takenouchi Monjo 竹内文書 Takenouchi Documents .
- Takenouchi no Sukune 武内宿禰 / 竹内宿禰 / 建内宿禰 - legendary statesman and Kami
Takeshiuchi no Sukune - Takeshi-Uchi // Takenouchi Skune, Takeuchi Sukune

. Taketori Monogatari 竹取物語 Tale of the Bamboo Cutter (Kaguyahime かぐや姫) .

. temari 鞠（まり）- 手毬（てまり）hand ball, rag ball .

. “Time in Medieval Japan” - symposium 2018 .

. tomoe 巴（ともえ）Tomoe pattern .
This pattern first appeared in the Heian period . . .

. Tosa Nikki 土佐日記 Tosa Diary .
-. . . . . Ki no Tsurayuki 紀貫之 (872-945)

. Tsunami 津波 History since 684 .


. Waka poetry and Buddhism 　和歌と仏教 .


. Yamashiro 山城 .
“Yamashiro” was formerly written with the characters meaning “mountain” (山) and “area” (代); in the 7th century, there were things built listing the name of the province with the characters for “mountain” and “ridge”/“back” (山背国). On 4 December 794 (8 Shimotsuki, 13th year of Enryaku), at the time of the christening of Heian-kyō, because of the resultant scenic beauty when Emperor Kammu made his castle utilizing the natural surroundings, the shiro was finally changed to “castle” (山城国).

. yami - Heian no Yami 平安の闇 The Dark Side of the Heian Period .

. yookai, yōkai 妖怪 Yokai monsters, ghosts, spooks .

. Yuge no Miya 弓削の宮 / 弓削宮 - Osaka .
and - Yugi no Miya 由義宮 and the temple 弓削寺 Yugedera

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. Newsletter - Latest Additions .

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- - - - - Nara　奈良 - - - - -

The Nara Period 奈良時代 Nara Jidai from 710 - 794

. ABC List of Contents - Nara Period 奈良時代 .

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ronin masterless samurai

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .
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Ronin 浪人と伝説 Legends about masterless Samurai

. 47 Ronin and the Chushingura 47浪人　/ 忠臣蔵　 .

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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :


......................................................................................... Gunma 群馬県
利根郡 Tone district みなかみ町 Minakami town

. uma 馬 koma 駒伝説　horse legends .
A rich farmer named 塩原多助 Shiohara Tasuke had a son.
When his father died he tried hard to keep the family together.
But his stepmother お亀 O-Kame took some Ronin 浪人 masterless Samurai in the home and abused her son.
So Tasuke decided to leave the home.
Tasuke said good bye to his beloved horse 青 Sei, crying, walking away in the moonshine.
When he settled down in Edo, he soon became a very rich man.
O-Kame had a daughter, who was about to marry a Ronin, but at the wedding night,
the horse Sei jumped into the home and killed bride and groom.




......................................................................................... Fukushima 福島県
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福島市 Fukushima city 飯坂町 Iizaka town

daija 大蛇
田原藤太秀郷は平将門の愛妾桔梗の前と恋仲になり、影武者の見分け方を聞き出して将門を滅ぼした。桔梗の前は秀郷を恨み、生国伊達郡藤田村を訪ねたが、秀郷の行方はわからず、蛇身になって菅沼の主となった。人身御供をよこさないと村を泥海に変えるというので、村人は金を集めて娘を買いに行く。下総の周防という浪人が主君の年忌供養のために娘を売った。周防の耳にも人身御供の話が聞こえ、大蛇退治に出かけ、白鳥明神の神通のかぶら矢で大蛇を退治した。この噂を湯野村の阿部道学親子が聞き、武名を上げようと襲ってきたので返り討ちにした。周防は茂庭の領主となり、大蛇と阿部親子の首を祀ったのが三社権現。
. aija, orochi 大蛇 a huge serpent, great snake .
. Taira no Masakado 平将門 / 平將門 .

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Fukushima いわき市 Iwaki city 平鎌田町 Tairakamada town

ashozoonushi ga fuchi 顕蔵主淵
Near 弘源寺 the Temple Kogen-Ji 弘源寺の近くを顕蔵主淵という。この近くに浪人夫婦が住んでいたが、弘源寺の僧が、その浪人の妻に懸想して何度も言い寄ったが、婦人は応じず、夫に告げた。怒った浪人は僧を切り殺し死体を川岸に捨てた。その後浪人がこの川岸を通ると、化けものが浪人の前に現れ、その後気が狂って死んでしまった。これは僧の祟りだといわれた。

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南会津郡 Minami-Aizu district

nekomata 猫又
浪人侍がある村を通りかかると、その村の五郎右衛門ばんばに襲われたが逃れた。ばんばのいる名主の家を訪ねてばんばと争うと猫になった。それは猫又で、ばんばを食ってなりかわっていた。床下は生臭い人の骨で一杯だった
. nekomata 猫又と伝説 Legends about the Nekomata cat monster .




......................................................................................... Kanagawa 神奈川県
.......................................................................
鎌倉市 Kamakura city

nobusuma 野ぶすま/ 野衾 (のぶすま）"wild quilt", "wild blanket"
4月頃、鎌倉河岸辺にあやしいものが出ると言われていたところ、ある時鳶の伊兵衛がそれを打ち殺した。それは身体がイタチのようで、眼は兎のようで、羽のようなものがあった。だれも知る人間がいなかったので、近くに住む浪人に聞いたところ、これは野ぶすまといって、普段は奥山にいるという。
. Nobusuma 野衾 (のぶすま）"wild quilt", "wild blanket" .
Yokai squirrel, Yokai bat

.......................................................................
Kanagawa 久里濱村 　/ 久里浜 Kurihama village

shoonin 上人 a saint
At 念徳寺 the Temple Zentoku-Ji there lived a priest called 禅誉上人 Saint Senyo.
Once a Ronin 浪人 masterless Samurai walked past who had just shot a bird with his arrow.
The next day a female duck came to the temple, carrying the head of a duck.
It was the head which the Ronin had shot at, the husband of the female duck.
The saint held a special prayer ritual and oh wonder,
the duck flew up into the sky.
When the Ronin heard about it, he threw away his bow and became a pupil of the Saint.




......................................................................................... Kyoto 京都府
宮津市 Miyazu city

koma jishi 高麗獅子
石の高麗獅子に性が入って宙を飛び、町に行った。そこで獅子は悪さばかりして暴れまわった。浪人がその獅子の足を切ると、獅子は倒れたがすぐ立ち上がって逃げていった。翌朝見ると、高麗獅子の足が切れ、血がにじんでいた。




......................................................................................... Mie 三重県
阿山郡 Ayama district

hi no tama 火の玉
セキノトウ行事のおこりについては、次のような伝説がある。昔、諏訪の浪人が島ヶ原村にやってきたが、それが土地の者とけんかをして殺されてしまった。追付出でつかまえられて塚脇出で殺されたか埋められたかしたといって、塚脇出で殺されたか埋められたかしたといい、そこに塚があるという。その後、旭出で毎晩火の玉が出るようになり、その浪人の魂を慰めるために始められたのがセキノトウの行事であるという。




......................................................................................... Miyagi 宮城県
柴田郡 Shibata district 川崎町 Kawasaki town

kesakiri Jizoo 袈裟切り地蔵
昔，竜雲寺山門前に石の地蔵が立っていたが，この地蔵は真夜中になると大入道になって通行人を脅かすので，人通りが稀になってしまった。ある夜梁川庄八という浪人侍が通りかかるとやはり大入道が現れたので，庄八が切りつけるとカチンと音がして化物は消え失せてしまった。翌日行ってみると，右肩を切られた地蔵が立っていた。以後柳川庄八袈裟切りの地蔵と呼ぶようになり，今でも祀られている。大入道は狸が化けたのだろうという。




......................................................................................... Nagasaki 長崎県
雲仙市 Unzen city

Amakusa Shiro 天草四郎
寛永末期、木指の海岸近くの林の3人の浪人がいた。そのうちのひとり、下釘金作が鉄砲で沖に浮かんでいた海鳥を撃った。それを同じくそのうちのひとりであった天草四郎が手を挙げて差し招くと、死んでいるはずの海鳥が吸い寄せられるように海岸まで動いてきたという。
. Amakusa Shirō, Amakusa Shiro 天草四郎 .




......................................................................................... Okayama 岡山県

kitsune キツネ
備中千冠村で家を建てようとして地面から小瓶を掘り出したところ、毎夜夢に僧が５，６人現れるようになった。他所へ移ると今度は浪人のような人が夢に現れるようになり、ついには病気になった。小瓶を元のように埋めると治った。狐の仕業だろう。




......................................................................................... Shiga 滋賀県
大津市 Otsu city

joogen mushi 浄元虫
江州志賀郡別保村にいたある浪人は剃髪し浄元と名乗ったが、この者は凶悪で、家に泊めた旅人があれば、ことごとく殺し財物を奪っていた。やがてこの悪事は露見し、浄元は柿の木に縛られ、7日の間さらし首に処せられた。その死体を木元に埋めたところ、人の顔のような形をした虫が数多出た。皆はこの虫を浄元虫と呼んだ。




......................................................................................... Tokyo 東京都
.......................................................................

kiku 菊 chrysanthemum
浪人・向坂甚内の娘・菊は、盗賊改役であった青山主膳の家の奴婢となる。承応２年（１６５３）菊が家宝の絵皿１０枚の内１枚を割ってしまい、青山に指を切り落とされる。菊は恨みを青山の子に報いると言ったので監禁される。その夜に菊は井戸に投身自殺する。その日から毎夜青山の屋敷に妖怪が現れ、ついには青山は狂い死にする。

- - - - -

nirami 白眼
京極家にある時、山野勘十郎という得物切りがきた時に、丹後守が勘十郎を呼び寄せ面白い話はないかと聞いたところ、勘十郎は、先日酒井左衛門尉様に重ね胴を仰せ付かり、胴を落としたところ、下の胴が首を挙げ睨み付けたという話をした。酒井左衛門尉様が一喝し睨みつけると、首は睨むのを止めたという。




......................................................................................... Yamanashi 山梨県

Tenguyama otoko 天狗山
甲州白峰で、ある浪人が山中で裸の大男と組み打ちになり谷底に落ちた。落ちる途中大男に首を捻じられ気絶した。気がつけば大男は消え、首が左を向いたまま戻らなくなった。しかし鉄砲の腕が百発百中になっていた。


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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Persons, People, Personen and their legends - - ABC list .

. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師　空海 - 伝説 .

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reisui miraculous water

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reisui 霊水と伝説 Legends about miraculous water

. Mizu no Kamisama 水の神様 God of Water .
Suijin-sama 水神様 - Introduction -

. Temple Kiyomizu-dera 清水寺 .

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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :


......................................................................................... Akita 秋田県
秋田市 Akita city

. tsue 杖と伝説 Legends about a walking staff, .
In 秋田市牛島 Akita city, Ushijima, at the Shrine 三皇宮 Sanko no Miya, the General Sakanoue Tamuramaro
placed his tsue 杖 walking cane into the ground.
Soon water begun to gush forth, now seen as reisui 霊水 miraculous water

. Sakanoue no Tamuramaro 坂上田村麻呂 (758 - 811) .




......................................................................................... Saga 佐賀県

. Anpukuji 安福寺 Anpuku-Ji, Tsutsumi .
霊水堂 Reisuido Hall for the sacred water

......................................................................................... Tochigi 栃木県
古河市 Koga city

. Kōbō Daishi Kūkai 弘法大師　空海 - 伝説　 Kobo Daishi Kukai Legends .
Kobo-Sui 弘法水 Water from Kobo Daishi
When reisui 霊水 miraculous water came sprouting from the ground in March,
people came here from many places.
But in Winter the water stopped.
People in Edo used to have rituals for Kobo Daishi to keep the water flowing.

- quote 思案橋の弘法水
古河市下辺見の向堀川に思案橋という名の小さな橋があります。
- reference source : Ibaraki -

. Reisui Yakushi Nyorai 霊水薬師如来 Yakushi Nyorai with miraculous water .

. 霊水山 Reisuizan 普門院 Fumon-In 光明寺 Komyo-Ji - Kanman Fudo 感満不動 .




......................................................................................... Tokyo 東京都
Tokyo 目黒区 Meguro ward

. Meguro Fudo Temple 目黒不動 .
円仁 Priest Ennin had a dream, where Fudo Myo-O told him to produce a spring with fresh water for the village,
so he hit the ground with his tokko 独鈷 Vajra and clear water came forth.
Even in the hottest summer this spring does not dry out.

. Ennin Jigaku Daishi (794 – 864) 円仁 慈覚大師 .


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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

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. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師　空海 - 伝説 .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話　昔話 - Introduction .

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unsui monk legends

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unsui 雲水と伝説 Legends about itinerant monks

. kooun ryuusui 行雲流水 "wandering monk", Unsui .
komusoo 虚無僧　伝説 Komuso legends about begging mendikant monks

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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :


......................................................................................... Aichi 愛知県

zenchoo 前兆 an omen
When the uncle of the villager was still small, he often went to 龍潭寺 the temple Ryotan-Ji

to stay over night and play.
Once he heard a frightening sound at the main hall.
The unsui 雲水 itinerant monk staying there said:
"This is an omen. Tomorrow someone will die!"
And indeed the next day a dead person was carried to the temple.

尾張三十三観音Pilgrimage to 33 Kannon Temples in Owari - Nr. 18




......................................................................................... Fukushima 福島県
須賀川市 Sukagawa city 小倉 Kokura

. daija, orochi 大蛇 a huge serpent, great snake .
Since there lived daija 大蛇 a huge serpent on 雲水峯 Mount Unsuimine, nobody was allowed to climb up there before the official opening of the mountain on July 15. The mountain is on the border of 郡山市田村町 Tamura town in Fukushima and 須賀川市塩田 Oda in Sukagawa city.
It is 677 m high.

......................................................................................... Gunma 群馬県
北群馬郡 Kita-Gunma district 子持村 Komochi village

. kozoo 小僧と伝説 Legends about temple acolytes and youngsters .
At 双林寺 the temple Sorin-Ji there is a statue of a kozoo 小僧 young temple acolyte.
He once asked ritual question to the unsui 雲水 itinerant monk.
As punishment, his arm was broken.

......................................................................................... Miyagi 宮城県
仙台市 Sendai city

. kitsune densetsu 狐と伝説 fox legends .
In a district below the castle of Sendai there lived a Samurai
named 勝又弥左衛門 Katsumata Yazaemon who was very skillfull in hunting foxes.
Once an old fox shape-shifted into unsui 雲水 an itinerant monk
and asked him not to kill foxes any more, but he was killed.
Once there came a white fox with a message from the Deity 明神 Myojin,
but he was also driven away and killed.
. another version of this legend .




......................................................................................... Shizuoka 静岡県
御前崎市Omaezaki city

. neko 猫 / ねこ と伝説 Legends about cats, Katzen .
At the Temple 西林院 Seirin-In in Omaezaki there lived a monk who had once helped a cat.
The cat kept living at the temple.
Once a monk was taking a nap on the veranda and the cat was near, looking at the garden.
A cat from the neighbourhood came and asked the temple cat to come with it make 伊勢参り a pilgrimage to Ise.
The monk thought this was strange.
That night he heard a strange noise from the ceiling.
An unsui 雲水 an itinerant monk who stayed at the temple also woke up from the noise.
When he checket the ceiling next morning, he found the temple cat and the neighbourL's cat laying in their blood.
And a mouse waring the robes of an Unsui was dead on the floor.





......................................................................................... Yamagata 山形県
最上郡 Mogami district 真室川町 Mamurogawa town

bakemono 化物 a monster
The temple 正源寺 Shogen-Ji　was abandoned and without a priest.
Monsters had come to live there.
Once unsui 雲水 an itinerant monk stayed over night at the temple.　
He was strong and drove the monsters away.　
The villagers were very greatful and asked the monk to stay there at the temple.　




......................................................................................... Yamanashi 山梨県
山梨市 Yamanashi city

. Unsui at 長源寺 the Temple Chogen-Ji. .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::

. Persons, People, Personen and their legends - - ABC list .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話　昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -

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iju monster animal

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ijuu 異獣と伝説 Legends about Iju monster animals

- quote -
Ijū (異獣, Ijū) is a creature from Japanese folklore.
There is only one story of the Ijuu, and it comes from Suzuki Bokushi’s Edo period book Hokuetsuseppu (北越雪譜; Snow Stories of North Etsu Province, 1837).

Long ago, in Echigo province (modern day Niigata prefecture), a porter named Takesuke was engaged in hauling a heavy load over a mountain pass to a faraway town. He had gone about 7 shaku (28 kilometers), when he became exhausted and hungry. Takesuke leaned his backpack against a tree, then sat down and rested against that same tree, unpacking his lunch and preparing to tuck in.
Before Takesuke could get a bite into his mouth, the thick bamboo of the forest was pushed aside, and an incredible monster stepped into sight. It was larger than a human, and looked like some mix between a monkey and a bear. It had long tufts of hair on its head, and fur covering its entire body.
Instead of panicking, the porter calmly looked at the strange beast. It looked hungry, Takesuke decided. He then casually split his lunch, offering the animal half. The creature was delighted, and accepted the food and ate it with vigor.
With the meal done, the strange beast leapt to its feel and shouldered Takesuke’s burden as if it weighted nothing at all. The porter walked ahead down the mountain trail, while the creature happily ambled along behind. When they got within sight of the porter’s destination, the creature took off the heavy backpack, set it down carefully, and scampered back into the forest.
It was never seen again.
- source : yokai.fandom.com/wiki... -

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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :


......................................................................................... Hokkaido 北海道

. Ezo, Emishi 蝦夷　エゾ　Ainu Culture アイヌの文化　Yezo, Yeso, Jezo .
One day in March there was a big earthquake and two big mountains collapsed.
Since then, many 異獣 Iju monster animals were seen.
One had 2 faces and 8 legs and could fly in the sky.
The local 蝦夷 Emishi people tried to get it, but could not catch it.




......................................................................................... Kyoto 京都府
.......................................................................
京都市 Kyoto city 南区 Minami ward

ijuu 異獣 a monster animal
Around 1675, in Kichijomura village in the South of Kyoto, the statue of 吉祥天女 Kichijoten was open for public viewing.
Many people from the nearby villages came, chanting the 六斎念仏 Rokusai Nenbutsu prayer.
They made a lot of noise with their prayer gongs and prayer drums.
Suddenly a huge monster animal came out and run away to hide under the veranda of a village house.
They managed to catch it.
If had the face of a tanuki 狸 badger and was black from the nose to the top of the front.
The neck was white, the back was black and the stomach was white.
Its buttocks looked like a tokkuri 徳利 sake container.
It had no tail and looked more like a mole. Its back legs were long like that of a dog.
For its food it would only eat 串柿 dried persimmons on a stick.
. Kichijoojimura 吉祥寺村 Kichijo-Ji village in Edo .




......................................................................................... Nagano 長野県

Once in the summer at 更科山 the volcano Tateshina there was a thunderstorm.
A strange small beast appeared at a rock and then, like a locust, ascended to the sky.




......................................................................................... Nagasaki 長崎県
長崎市 Nagasaki city

Once a lot of rice disappeared from the official Nagasaki Storehouse.
Some people also got lost.
When the villagers checked about it, they found that many
異獣 Iju monster animals came out of the sea
and ate the rice and even the people.




......................................................................................... Niigata 新潟県

When the young daughter of the family was weaving,
異獣 an Iju monster animal appeared outside the window.
It wanted to get the pot where the rice was kept warm.
The family gave some rice balls to the animal, which seemed very happy.
From then on the animal came once in a while to get a rice ball.
One day the daughter had her period and could not go the the weaving room
and was in trougle to keep her deadline for finishing.
The 異獣 an Iju monster animal stopped her period and she could finish in time.

At another home in the mountains, at night,
a strange creature with red hair came to warm at the fire.
It looked like a monkey with long hair.

In the mountains a man was sitting down to eat his rice ball.
A creature like a monkey with long hair appeared.
When the farmer gave it a rice ball, it was very greatfull
and later carried his load down the hill.




......................................................................................... Shizuoka 静岡県
富士宮市 Fujinomiya city

sennen mogura 千年もぐら / 千年土竜 a thousand-year-old mole
On the 10th of August in 1859, in 川尻村 the village of Kawashiri,
they caught 異獣 an Iju monster animal.
It had the size of a cat, the face looked like a horse, the body was coverd in fly hair.
The legs looked like those of a human baby.
Later they found that four similar creatures had been caught at 蒲原宿 the Kanbara postal station.
At Kanbara the creature was called sennen mogura 千年もぐら .
In 豊川村 Toyokawa village they caught another strange animal.
It looked like a bear, but its face was human.
The nails of its feet were like those of a hawk.
The hair on its face was red and on its body it was yellow.

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -

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. animals and their legends 動物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話　昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -

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Oinusama wolf legends

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Oinusama, O-Inu Sama 御犬様と伝説 Legends about the Wolf Deity

. ookami 狼 / オオカミ Okami, wolf legends .
- Introduction -

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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :


......................................................................................... Aichi 愛知県
.......................................................................
北設楽郡 Kita Shitara district 東栄町 Toei town

御犬様
村に迎えた御犬様が落とし穴に落ちた。村の男が、藤蔓で作ったもっこで助けようとしたところ、鋭い牙で蔓を噛み切った。恐ろしくなった村人は、梯子をかけてそのまま立ち去った。御犬様は抜け出して助かったが、後日再び穴に落ちて、鉄砲で射殺された。

.......................................................................
Aichi 新城市 Shinshiro city

O-toragitsune おとら狐， Yamazumi san 山住様 / ヤマズミサン
. Otoragitsune, O-Tora-Gitsune お寅狐 .




......................................................................................... Nagano 長野県
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Nagano 飯田市 Iida city

クダショウに憑かれたときには、モトの葉を寝床の下に入れておくと離れるが、それでも離れないときにはコショウをかけたりする。それでもだめだとネギに拝んでもらう。それをタテバライといって、クダショウ持ちの頭の上で3本のゴヘイがバタバタと動き始めたら、どこかへもっていって捨てるかねじ込むかする。それでも離れない場合は、水窪の山祇神社へ2人で行って、御犬様という箱を借りてくる。ネギがその箱を拝むとクダショウは離れるといわれている。
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南佐久郡 Minami Saku district 南相木村 Minami Aiki village

okuri ookami 送り狼， o-Inusama 御犬様
三峰のお犬様が夜必ず人を守ってくれた。その代り鼻緒がきれたときには必ず声をかける。いわないと石を持って投げると思って犬に飛びつかれる。




......................................................................................... Shizuoka 静岡県
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富士宮市 Fujinomiya city

. Yamazumisama 山住様 /ヤマズミサマ "Deity living in the mountains" .
He has a helper, the sacred 山犬 Mountain Wolf and is also called
Oinusama 御犬様 O-Inusama, "Honorable Wolf Deity".
Yamazumi Jinja 山住神社 in Hamamatsu
a shrine with a long history of Wolf Worship.


oinu, o-inu 御犬
1859年8月29日の日記記事。武州三峯山の御犬様のお影の効能を疑った人が神罰を受けた。


御犬様，くだ狐
8月7日、くだ狐がコロリを広めているので、武州三峯山に御犬を借りに行くことになった。10日、御犬様を借用して帰った夜、御犬様を安置した郷蔵跡に足跡がつき、蔵屋敷の周辺で狐の鳴き声が聞こえた。


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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
御犬様 (06)
犬様 (36) オイヌサマ (39(
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. animals and their legends 動物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話　昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -

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Lake Biwako legends

- BACK to the Daruma Museum -
. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .
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Biwako 琵琶湖と伝説 Legends about Lake Biwako

. biwa 琵琶 lute .
- Introduction -

- quote -
Lake Biwa (琵琶湖, Biwa-ko)
is the largest freshwater lake in Japan, located entirely within Shiga Prefecture (west-central Honshu), northeast of the former capital city of Kyoto.
Lake Biwa is an ancient lake, over 4 million years old.
It is estimated to be the 13th oldest lake in the world.
Because of its proximity to the ancient capital, references to Lake Biwa appear frequently in Japanese literature, particularly in poetry and in historical accounts of battles.
The name Biwako was established in the Edo period.
There are various theories about the origin of the name Biwako, but it is generally believed to be so named because of the resemblance of its shape to that of a stringed instrument called the biwa.
Kōsō, a learned monk of Enryaku-ji in the 14th century, gave a clue to the origin of the name Biwako in his writing:
"The lake is the Pure land of the goddess Benzaiten because she lives on Chikubu Island and the shape of the lake is similar to that of the biwa, her favorite instrument."
The lake was formerly known as the Awaumi (淡海, Freshwater Sea) or
the Chikatsu Awaumi (近淡海, Freshwater Sea Near [the Capital]).
Later the pronunciation Awaumi changed to the modern Ōmi as in the name of Ōmi Province.
The lake is also called Nio no Umi (鳰の海, "Little Grebe Lake") in literature.
- source : wikipedia -

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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :


......................................................................................... Shiga 滋賀県
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kijin 鬼人
昔、阿育王 King Ashoka という王が、鬼人に天竺から琵琶湖に3個の石を投げさせた。その石が白石という島の始まりという。




......................................................................................... Gifu 岐阜県
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大垣市 Ogaki city 上石津町 Kami Ishizu town

ryuujo 竜女， daija 大蛇
寺の先祖であるお坊さんの妻が出産の際に「絶対に覗いてはいけない」と頼んだ。約束を破り覗くと、妻はとぐろを巻いた大蛇の姿となっていた。すると妻は池に飛び込み、そのまま姿を現さなかった。その池の跡地には竜宮乙姫の古井という井戸があり、底が深く琵琶湖と繋がっているという。その後、生れた子どもは境内のかやの木の実を舐めて育ったと伝えられる。


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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
22 琵琶湖 to explore

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. Japanese legends and tales 伝説　民話　昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -

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