2018-09-06

heso no o umbilical cord legends

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. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .
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heso no o へその緒と伝説 Legends about the umbilical cord


umbilical cord box へその緒寿箱
The box is called Kotobuki-bako 寿箱 "Long Life Box", and sold at many shrines in Japan. There are many variations, with a small baby doll clad in kimono above the navel string.

. Place of birth and umbilical cord .
- Introduction -
Nabelschnur


. heso 臍と伝説 Legends about navel, belly button, Nabel .


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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :

............................................................................... Miyagi 宮城県
.......................................................................

After giving birth, a woman gets an amulet from Yamanokami and some hemp rope to wrap around the umbilical cord. Together with the name and date of birth she puts it in a bag and keeps it.
When the person thus born dies, this bag is placed into the coffin (in the Matsushima and Sendai region).

. 山の神 Yamanokami legends from Miyagi 宮城県 .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
14 へその緒 to explore (01)

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. animals and their legends 動物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. plants and their legends  植物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. trees and their legends  樹木, 木と伝説 - - ABC list .

. Persons, People, Personen and their legends - - ABC list .

. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師 空海 - 伝説 .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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- - - - - #hesonoo #umbilicalcord #navel -
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2018-09-05

Yamaotoko legends mountain man monster

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. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .
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Yamaotoko 山男と伝説 Legends about the "Mountain Man"
"kindly giant of the hills"


by 竹原春泉 Takehara Shunsen

"Mountain Man" - a monster found in many parts of Japan.
He is usually half-naked and very hairy. He kidnappes people. If someone meets him in the forest and escapes, he usually gets ill. But gnerally the Mountain Man is a gentle monster, helps the woodworkers carry their loads in exchange for some food.

He is a hero of the 絵本百物語.
Legends from 静岡県, 新潟県, 神奈川県,青森県
- - - More in the WIKIPEDIA - 山男 !

Most probably identical with
. - Yamawaro, Yama-Waro やまわろ / ヤマワロ / 山童 "Child of the Mountain" .
- - - - - and his alter ego
Kappa 河童 "Child of the River"


- reference : yamaotoko yokai -


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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :


............................................................................... Gifu 岐阜県
.......................................................................
上宝村 Kamitakara village

. bamboo shoot legends .
Once a man from the village went to the forest to dig for bamboo shoots, but he was captured by the "Mountain Man" and never came back.




............................................................................... Mie 三重県
.......................................................................

Once upon a time
a man named 大西喜作 Onishi Kisaku met Yamaotoko while working in his fields and asked him for a bout of Sumo.
But then the cock of Yamanokami was crowing and Yamaokoko ran awai. Now there is a statue of Jizo venerated at this place.

. niwatori 鶏と伝説 Legends about the rooster, cock, chicken .




............................................................................... Nagano 長野県
.......................................................................
南佐久郡 Minami-Saku district 川上村 Kawakami village

. Yamaotoko chasing inoshishi 猪 a wild boar .



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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
56 山男 to explore (03)

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. animals and their legends 動物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. plants and their legends  植物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. trees and their legends  樹木, 木と伝説 - - ABC list .

. Persons, People, Personen and their legends - - ABC list .

. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師 空海 - 伝説 .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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- - - - - #yamaotoko #mountainmanmonster #mountainmonster -
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2018-09-04

mochi rice cake legends

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. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .
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mochi 餅と伝説 Legends about rice cakes
botamochi ボタ餅 "peony rice cakes"

. mochi 餅 all kinds of rice cakes .
- Introduction -
Special rice cakes are eaten in all seasons and at many rituals and festivals.



. mochitsuki 餅つき pounding rice for Mochi .
with usu to kinu 臼と杵 a stone mortar and mallet / pestle

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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :


............................................................................... Akita 秋田県

. konamochi 粉餅 rice cakes powdered with walnut powder .
for Yamanokami

. The Deity 三吉大明神 Miyoshi Daimyojin .

. tengumochi 天狗餅 Tengu mochi rice cakes .
fukumochi 福餅 fuku mochi for good luck // 天狗の福もちつき Tengu pounding Fukumochi




............................................................................... Fukui 福井県

. botamochi ぼたもち for the deity Sarutahiko .




............................................................................... Fukuoka 福岡県

. Tengu and botamochi 牡丹餅 "Peony Cakes" .




............................................................................... Gifu 岐阜県

. guhin kuhin gubin 狗賓 / 狗嬪 / グヒン Guhin Tengu Yokai monster .
加茂郡 Kamo district
Guhin mochi 狗賓餅 rice cakes for the Guhin and many more

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Gifu 恵那郡 Ena district 山岡町 Yamaoka town

. okuri ookami 送り狼 Legends about "a wolf following someone" .

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Making Ricecakes in the Twelfth Month (Shiwasu mochitsuki)
from the series The Twelve Months (Jûni tsuki no uchi)「十二月之内 師走 餅つき」
Utagawa Kunisada I (Toyokuni III) (1786–1864)




............................................................................... Ibaraki
茨城町 Ibaraki city

hebi 蛇 serpent - kaapa かあぱ Kappa
Once upon a time a vicious serpent (or maybe a Kappa) lived in the river and many children lost their lives.
The villagers asked a Rokubu what to do about this.
The Rokubu told them to make mochi 餅 rice cakes on the last day of the year, give them to children and have them throw into the river. This would protect the children.
And indeed, from that time on, no more water accidents happened at the river.

. Rokubu pilgrims .




............................................................................... Kyoto 京都府
.......................................................................
鈴鹿市 Suzuka

. Yama no Kami 山の神 God of the Mountain .
On the 7th day of the first lunar month villagers go to the local shrine, collect branches of 松 pine trees and wild bamboo and make a fire.
They bring ritual kirimochi 切り餅 cut rice cakes, one for each member of the family and roast them on the fire. This will help them to avoid illness and bring good luck.
Yamanokami is also very fond of children and protects them.


............................................................................... Miyagi 宮城県


okasane mochi オカサネ餅 / お重ね餅 piled-up rice cakes
A decoration for the New Year. After offering them to Yamanokami, they are eaten by the family members.
If they have cracks, the weather in the coming year will be fine.
If they have no cracks, there will be a lot of rain in the coming year.




............................................................................... Nara 奈良県

奈良市 Nara city

. Kokūzō Bosatsu 虚空蔵菩薩 Kokuzo Bosatsu .
and the karasu 烏 crows




............................................................................... Tokyo

. A 煎餅屋 Mochi rice cake store in front of Enman-Ji, Yushima .
湯島円満寺




............................................................................... Wakayama 和歌山県
日高郡 Hidaka district

. Mochi offerings for Yamanokami 山の神 God of the Mountain .



............................................................................... Yamagata 山形県

. botamochi for Tanokami 田の神 God of the Fields .


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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
574 餅 to collect
餅つき / 餅花粉 / 索餅 and more

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kagamimochi 鏡餅 "mirror Mochi" for the New Year
16 to collect

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. animals and their legends 動物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. plants and their legends  植物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. trees and their legends  樹木, 木と伝説 - - ABC list .

. Persons, People, Personen and their legends - - ABC list .

. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師 空海 - 伝説 .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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- - - - - #mochi, #kirimochi #ricecakes -
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2018-09-03

hyakunichizeki whooping cough legends

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. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .
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hyakunichizeki 百日咳/ 百日せき と伝説 Legends about whooping cough, pertussis
Keuchhusten



鹿嶋神社 Kashima Jinja
(御穂鹿嶋神社 Miho Kashima Jinja) 東京都港区芝4-15-1 / Tokyo Minato ward Shiba
The deity venerated in this Shrine is supposed to cure whooping cough.

.......................................................................

. The Legend of the Dragon God at Minuma 見沼 .
In a corner of the compound is a small shrine where the villagers pray to the Dragon God of the area for good harvest.
Prayers also heal some coughing illness and when people are healed, they bring a rice ladle to the shrine as a thank you present.
Amanuma Jinja 天沼神社があり百日咳に霊験があるといわれ


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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :


............................................................................... Ehime 愛媛県 
.......................................................................
松山市 Matsuyama city 平田町 Hirata town

. Jizo Bosatsu at 常福寺 the temple Jofuku-Ji is .




............................................................................... Tokyo 東京
.......................................................................
墨田区 Sumida ward

. How to cure whooping cough .

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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
20 百日咳 to explore (01)

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. animals and their legends 動物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. plants and their legends  植物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. trees and their legends  樹木, 木と伝説 - - ABC list .

. Persons, People, Personen and their legends - - ABC list .

. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師 空海 - 伝説 .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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- - - - - #whoopingcough #keuchhusten #hyakunichizeki #seki -
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2018-09-02

kane, tsurigane temple bell legends

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. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .
. chinshoo 沈鐘 Chinsho, sunken bell legends .
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kane 鐘と伝説 Legends about the temple bell

. kane 鐘 temple bell .
- Introduction -
hanging temple bell, tsurigane 釣鐘
"crocodile's mouth", waniguchi 鰐口
bronze bell, dootaku 銅鐸
small bell, suzu 鈴

. bonshoo 梵鐘 Bonsho temple bell legends .


庄田耕峰 Shoda Koho (1871-1946)





. Anchin and Kiyohime 安珍・清姫伝説 .
at the temple 道成寺 Temple Dojo-Ji


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............................ waniguchi 鰐口 temple gong ............................


A Waniguchi gong hangs in front of the entrance to the temple hall and visitors may strike it before throwing their money into the box for offerings and then making their prayer/wish.

. wani わに(鰐) shark, (this means also "crocodile") .
There are no crocodiles in Japan.

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Aomori 青森県 上北郡 Kamikita district 六ヶ所村 Rokkasho

Wanigudhi Jinja 鰐口神社 Waniguchi Shrine
内沼鰐口大明神神社 Uchinuma, Waniguchi Daimyojin Jinja


Once upon a time, two pious sisters wanted to visit their father and had to cross a dangerous swamp. There appeared a lage wani 鰐 shark and lay down so they could walk over its back. This is the origin of Waniguchi Jinja.

.......................................................................

Waniguchi Jinja 鰐口神社 Waniguchi Shrine
新潟県長岡市寺泊鰐口30 Niigata, Nagaoka city, Teradomari, Waniguchi 30



Located on a small hill surrounded by trees in the middle of the fields.
Its former name was 諏訪神社 Suwa Jinja.
The deity in residence is 健御名方命 Takeminakata no Mikoto = Suwa Myōjin 諏訪明神.
The date of construction is not known.
In 1908 the Shrine was united with the 道祖神社 Dosojinja of 鰐口村 Waniguchi village and the name changed to Waniguchi Jinja.

- - - - - Link with more photos :
- reference source : niigata-u.com/files ... -

.......................................................................

Nagano 長野県 飯田市 Iida city.
There is a Waniguchi gong at 迦楼塔 the tower of Garuda. When it gets lost it is soon found again.
One of the seven wonders of Iida city.


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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :


............................................................................... Ibaraki 茨城県
.......................................................................
土浦市 Tsuchiura city

. Musashibo 弁慶 Benkei throws the bell into the lake .




............................................................................... Kyoto 京都府
.......................................................................
中京区 Nakagyo ward

. kemuri o dasu kane 煙を出す鐘 a temple bell making smoke .
at temple 妙満寺 Myoman-Ji




............................................................................... Nara
.......................................................................
Nara 山辺郡 Yamabe district都祁村 Tsuge village
. Ryuzu 竜頭 hook of the temple bell .




............................................................................... Niigata 新潟県
.......................................................................
柏崎市 Kashiwazaki city

. The bell from Temple 西光寺 Saiko-Ji .
ryuuzu 龍頭 (りゅうず) Ryuzu hook of a temple bell, "Dragon Head"




............................................................................... Saitama
.......................................................................
Chichibu 小鹿野町 Ogano

Once upon a time
the village temple went out of business and the 釣り鐘 temple bell was given to the pawn shop. It was sold to another village, where soon a fire started. The local fortune teller said it was the temple bell bringing bad luck, so it was given back. This legend is called
Tengu-sama no tsurigane 天狗様の釣り鐘 the Temple bell of the Tengu.

. Tengu legends from Chichibu .

.......................................................................

Once the priest of a temple was in need of money and brought its temple bell 釣り鐘 to the pawn shop. At the town where it was re-sold there was a fire and nobody new why. A fortune-teller found the reason:
The temple bell wanted to go back to its temple and hat caused fire to bring attention to itself.




............................................................................... Shizuoka 静岡県
.......................................................................

. The Immortal from 菊川村 Kikugawa .
and Muken no Kane 無間の鐘 "Unlimited Bell", "Soundless Bell", "the Bell of Muken"




............................................................................... Tokyo 東京
.......................................................................
町田市 Machida

. chinshoo 沈鐘 the fallen temple bell .
three legends !




............................................................................... 山形県 Yamagata
.......................................................................
鶴岡市 Tsuruoka

tsurigane 釣鐘 hanging temple bell
In the beginning of the Meiji period they wanted to build a school. To pay for it the hanging bell and the Hokyointo of the temple were sold.
Now if there is a strong wind the school building is swaying. Once during a celebration at the school the wind blew off the roof . . .
The elders of the town only laugh at this . . . after all, the hanging temple bell had been sold . .


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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
227 鐘 to collect
10 梵鐘 bonshoo
hanging temple bell, tsurigane 釣鐘
- source : 4 legends : tsurigane 釣鐘 -
ryuuzu 09 龍頭 (01)
small bell, suzu 鈴
- source : 206 legends : suzu 鈴 -

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. chinshoo 沈鐘 Chinsho, sunken bell legends .

. animals and their legends 動物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. plants and their legends  植物と伝説 - - ABC list .

. Persons, People, Personen and their legends - - ABC list .

. Legends about Kobo Daishi Kukai - 弘法大師 空海 - 伝説 .

. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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. Join the friends on Facebook ! .

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- - - - - #kane #tsurigane #templebell #bell #suzu #waniguchi #ryuuzu #ryuzu -
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2018-09-01

neko cat legends Katzen

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. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .
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neko 猫 / ねこ と伝説 Legends about cats, Katzen


source : Matt on facebook
Toriyama Sekien 鳥山石燕

. bakeneko, bake-neko 化け猫, 化猫 monster cat .
nekomata 猫俣, 猫又, 猫叉, or 猫股 "forked cat" monster
and kashaneko かしゃ猫 "fire monster cat"

. bakeneko 化け猫 / 化猫と伝説 Legends about monster cats .
怪猫 / 魔物 猫

. nekozuka 猫塚 mound for a cat .
9 to explore

. yamaneko 山猫 "mountain cat" .
carved by 左甚五郎 Hidari Jingoro


. neko the cat and haiku 俳句 .


- photo : Japan Lovers, facebook -


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- - - - - ABC List of the prefectures :


............................................................................... Fukushima 福島県

. bakeneko 化け猫 / 化猫と伝説 Legends about monster cats .
Nekomadake 猫魔岳と伝説 Legends about Mount Nekomadake and more monster cat legends .




............................................................................... Kanagawa 神奈川県
.......................................................................
戸塚区 Totsuka district

. cats dancing with a tenugui 手拭 hand towel .





............................................................................... Nagano 長野県
.......................................................................
上水内郡 Kami-Minochi district 信濃町 Shinano town

. Cats can take possession of humans .




............................................................................... Nara 奈良県
.......................................................................
宇陀郡 Uda district 大宇陀町 Ouda town

. The cat from 光明寺 the temple Komyo-Ji .




............................................................................... Tokyo

. Ohaguro お歯黒 a cat with black teeth .

. Memorial stone for a cat at Temple 回向院 Eko-In .

.A cat from 江戸中橋 Nakabashi in Edo .

.......................................................................
湯島 Yushima district

. The 煎餅屋 Mochi rice cake store in front of Enman-Ji .


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- reference : nichibun yokai database 妖怪データベース -
05 赤猫 (00)
15 黒猫 (00)
73 猫 to explore (00)
25 山猫 (00)
101 猫 神 (00)
527 ネコ collecting

. bakeneko 化け猫 / 化猫と伝説 Legends about monster cats .
怪猫 / 魔物 猫

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. animals and their legends 動物と伝説 - - ABC list .


. Japanese legends and tales 伝説 民話 昔話 - Introduction .

- Yookai 妖怪 Yokai Monsters of Japan -
- Introduction -

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2018-08-20

Time in Medieval Japan

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. ABC List of Contents - Nara Period .
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“Time in Medieval Japan”


- quote -
Report on the International Time Studies Symposium 2018 “Time in Medieval Japan”
held August 1-3, 2018 at Yamaguchi University

by Migita Hiroki (Yamaguchi University); English translation and additional reporting on the comments and discussion by Raji C. Steineck (University of Zurich)

From August 1 to August 3, 2018, University of Zurich’s Chair of Japanology (supported by the Advanced Grant TIMEJ from the European Research Council) and the Research Institute for Time Studies at Yamaguchi University, in collaboration with the Japanese Society for Time studies held the International Time Studies Symposium 2018 “Time in Medieval Japan”. The symposium had the aim to explore the ways time was expressed, perceived, and experienced in medieval Japanese society from various angles. It brought together 25 researchers from the fields of intellectual and political history, literature, and religion of Japan hailing from various Japanese universities as well as from the United States and Europe for three days of presentations and extensive discussion. The program comprised papers and comments by designated specialists in the following seven fields: “calendars”, “military strategy”, “literature of the court and the warrior elite”, “village life”, “religion”, “the human body” and “markets”. Profs. Morino Masahiro, Morishita Tōru (both Yamaguchi University) and Hosoi Hiroshi (Kassui Women’s University) served as coordinators on the Japanese and Raji C. Steineck and his team at University of Zurich as coordinators on the European side.

The first conference day on August 1 started with formal greetings by Profs. Fujisawa Kenta (Director, Research Institute for Time Studies, Yamaguchi University) and Raji C. Steineck (University of Zurich, PI of the ERC Advanced Grant Project “Time in Medieval Japan” / TIMEJ). The morning sessions were dedicated to the subject areas “calendar” and “military strategy”, with Prof. Franz Emde (Yamaguchi University) serving as designated commentator. The first paper titled “The Study of Time and Calendars in Medieval Japan”, by Prof. Hosoi Hiroshi started from a thorough review of research on calendars and annotated calendars (guchūreki 具注暦) and proceeded to demonstrate, based mostly on the Hoki naiden 『簠簋内伝』, the importance of these documents to understand the regional distribution and differentiation of time consciousness. Next, Prof. Kristina Buhrman of Florida State University in her presentation “An Investigation into Day-Selection for Military Actions in Medieval Japan” explained by way of a close scrutiny of the sources that the ancient court’s culture of day selection according to the annotated calendars was probably received and continued by medieval warrior aristocrats in their planning of military exploits. Dr. Ueno Taisuke (Kanda University of Foreign Languages) discussed medieval books on strategy and what they reveal about changes in time consciousness over time. He showed that while earlier sources assume that the time of actual battle belongs entirely to the gods, later sources insert elements of human discretion and manipulation into the conception of the time of battle. The ensuing comments and discussion followed up on the main points of each paper and highlighted points such as the issue of human agency, or the apparent absence of quantitative calculation of time in medieval discussions of military strategy.

In the afternoon sessions,the subject moved to time in the literature of the court and the warrior aristocracy. In the first presentation, Prof. Morino Masahiro used the example of expressions pertaining to the call of the hototogisu 郭公/時鳥 (cuckoo) in the literature of court ladies to demonstrate how their expression of time was structured by the Kokinshū 『古今集』, and how, by the same token, the geographic aspect of the territorial boundaries of royal power strongly informed the temporality of the intratextual world in these documents. Dr. Simone Müller (University of Zurich) compared the late Heian Higashiyama gobunko bon Nittchū gyōji 東山御文庫本『日中行事』with a document of the same title written at the court of Go-Daigo (r. 1318-1339), in order to put into relief the chronography and units of time employed to regulate (at least in principle) life at court in the late Kamakura period in conjunction with questions of space and power. Alexandra Ciorciaro’s (PhD student, University of Zurich) paper on “Chronography in the official records of the Kamakura bakufu” presented a detailed analysis of the systems of temporal notation used in the Kenji sannen ki 『建治三丁丑年日記』and Buke nendai ki 『武家年代記』, highlighting not only quantitative, chronometric aspects, but also expressions pertaining to the properties of certain times, or their causal interconnections. Prof. Koyama Emi (Kyoto Institute of Technology) commented on each paper from the perspective of her own research into the illumination of ancient and medieval architecture and the ways it affected daily and nightly activities.

The second day of the symposium started with Prof. Migita Hiroki’s (Yamaguchi University) presentation on “Night-time Labor by Pre-Modern Japanese Villagers”, in which he highlighted the fact that in pre-modern time, night-time labor was often embedded in ritual and play, and performed by groups of lower status. For some of these groups, movement was restricted during the day, but conversely, while “normal” members of society were largely confined in their movements at night-time, these groups could move about freely at night. To this, Prof. Tsuji Shōji (Hoken Iryō Keiei Daigaku) responded that these findings must be seen in the light of more general and constant aspects of Japanese village life. Pointing to the necessity of regular night-time work such as protecting the fields or going fishing, which was not allocated to specific status groups, he warned against over-emphasizing exotic aspects of earlier epochs of Japanese history.

The following section on religion was opened by Prof. Yuasa Yoshimi (Saitama Gakuen University), who by way of a detailed comparative analysis of chronometrical expressions in the Buddhist sources contained in the Kamakura ibun 『鎌倉遺文』corpus demonstrated that monasteries, while sharing a certain amount of standard chronography, often had specific styles of temporal regulation and chronometric expression.

The next paper by Prof. Yorizumi Mitsuko (Tokyo University) dealt with the concept of time in Dōgen’s Shōbōgenzō Uji 『正法眼蔵』「有時」. Prof. Yorizumi covered questions such as how far Dōgen’s idea that existence and time are inseparable is based on the mutual inter-dependence between different entities or how a privileged form of time that may be accessed through “practice and attainment of the way” had properties contrary to the irreversible, external and continuous character of profane time such as reversibility, discontinuity, and monadicity, giving a detailed analysis of the specifics of Dōgen’s – or Buddhism’s – concept of time as it is based on the ontology of muga / anātman. Prof. Steineck presented another paper on Dōgen’s concept of time, placing it in the context of medieval Japanese temporalities. Based on a rigorous analysis of the chronography employed in Dōgen’s writings, he discussed how the dimension of religious time as expressed in his term nikon (“now”, often interpreted as “eternal present”) is related to that of the “twelve hours”, which is mostly equated with profane time in the literature. Steineck specifically pointed out that the “eternal present” is constituted within the quantitative differentiations of time , and that Dōgen’s texts, in spite of the emphasis a large part of the literature places on the “moment” of practice and on the incalculable aspects of religious time, employ numeric chronometry to highlight the duration of practice of the patriarchs and to establish links between the “here and now” of practice and the time of the Buddhas and patriarchs. Etienne Stähelin (PhD student, University of Zurich), in his presentation on “The concept of time within early Kamakura period Sōtō Zen” explored the ways in which Dōgen’s thoughts on time were developed or re-interpreted by his disciples in the earliest commentaries on the Shōbōgenzō, remarking on their tendency to unilaterally stress the unity of all of time and every single moment over and against the differentiation between entities and their times.

Prof. Maki Takayuki then discussed the “Transformation of the Buddhist Tonsure by Japanese Ex-Emperors in the late Heian Period”. He explained the changes in a rite of passage (the taking of the tonsure) as it was practised at court in this period in between the ages and how they related to changes surrounding the transition of office between emperors, which used to shake up the world of the highest echelons of aristocracy in the Heian period because of the interpenetration of this-worldly and other-worldly logic. The final paper in this section by Hoshi Yuya (PhD student, Bukkyō University) turned to the subject of medieval mythology. In his paper “Medieval Mythology and Time Consciousness”, he traced the genealogy of the stories surrounding Doshōjin 土公神 and elucidated how myths and rituals surrounding the calendar and the seasons evolved in medieval rural society. Commenting on this session, Prof. Bandō Yōsuke provisionally linked Shintō to public ritual and Buddhism to personal salvation, while also pointing to the entwinement of both aspects both in Dōgen’s texts and in the imperial ritual of taking the tonsure.

The third day of the symposium started with two papers dedicated to the subject of the body and time. First, Dr. Daniela Tan (University of Zurich) demonstrated how the physiological cycles of the female body were linked to the movement of nature and especially celestial bodies in the chapter on women’s health of Kajiwara Shōzen’s Ton’ishō 『頓医抄』, leading to a cyclical interpretation of their temporal aspect. Next, in a presentation titled “Menstruation and Time Consciousness of Women in Medieval Japan”, Prof. Saitō Nahoko (Kokugakuin University) compared references to the female cycle in nikki such as Utatane 『うたたね』and Towazugatari 『とはずがたり』. She discussed how this cyclical physiological phenomenen affected time consciousness and time regulation of court ladies, highlighting aspects such as the establishment and loss of individuality and gender solidarity, for example in respect to the planning of religious and social activities. The commentator to this session, Dr. Anna Andreeva (Heidelberg University) emphasized the fresh perspective both papers provided on a subject that was traditionally mostly associated with kegare 穢れ (“impurity”), which allowed to transcend the confines of medieval female history.

The afternoon of the third day was dedicated to the subject of “markets”. Prof. Sakurai Eiji (Tokyo University) reported in his paper on “Workday and Wages in Medieval Japan” that, while the prices for physical commodities were decided according to the relation of supply and demand, those for labor and services were not subject to this principle. He found that labor time was paid by the workday, and that there is no evidence suggesting that its value was measured in relation to the unit of the hour, and reflected on the relevance of this fact for medieval time consciousness. The following paper on “Dept Cancellation and the Renewal of Time” by Dr. Kataoka Kōhei (University of Zurich) discussed the “virtuous policy” (tokusei 徳政) of rescinding the sale of land and of cancelling debts from the perspective of time theory by way of a thorough analysis of pertinent documents, arguing that these measures should be interpreted as attempts to restitute an ideal, imagined past, and reflecting on the specifics of medieval ideas of property. Finally, Vroni Ammann (PhD student, University of Zurich) analysed chronometric and chronotypological expressions in the Kunshū ruishō 『薫集類抄』and the Gofushimi in shinkan takimono hō 後伏見院宸翰薫物方, two medieval books on recipes for incense as part of her project to trace the temporal aspects of production, trade, and use of incense in medieval Japan. In her comments, Dr. Angelika Koch (Ghent University) followed up on questions of wage labour and time consciousness, the temporal specifics of tokusei policies, and the use of incense to measure time in order to contextualize the findings of each paper.

The symposium ended with a final round of general comments by Profs. Satō Hiro’o (Tōhoku University), Tsuji, and Bandō. Prof. Satō reviewed the contributions from the point of view of the social and geographical stratification of time consciousness and time regulation in medieval Japanese society, contrasting it to current notions of homogenized and linearized “modern” time, emphasizing the need to further research the relation between the apparent temporal plurality and the general social structure of medieval society. He also called into question facile dichotomies between medieval and modern time consciousness. Prof. Bandō followed up on these remarks, stating that while the ancient ritsuryō 律令state had possessed the power to homogenize previous plural time regimes, centrifugal forces (such as the strong tendency to rely on Buddhist images of time) gained more influence in the medieval period, which explains in part the stronger visibility of temporal plurality in this era. Finally, Prof. Tsuji placed the conference in the context of current societal issues. The conference was closed by Profs. Fujisawa and Steineck, who both emphasized the many insights gained through the multidisciplinary approach this conference took to the subject of time, and expressed their gratitude to everyone involved.


See also:
http://timestudies.net/?p=918


- source : PMJS: Listserve -

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2018-07-24

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. - - - Top of this BLOG - - - .
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- - - - - ABC List of the Legends - - - - -


- AAA - / - BBB - / - CCC - / - DDD - / - EEE -

- FFF - / - GGG - / - HHH - / - I I I - / - JJJ -

- KK KK - / - LLL - / - MMM - / - NNN - / - OOO -

- PPP - / - QQQ - / - RRR - / - SSS - / - TTT -

- UUU - / - VVV - / - WWW - / - XXX - / - YYY - / - ZZZ -



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....................................................................... AAA .......................................................................


. Abekawa, Abe-Kawa 安倍川 river in Shizuoka . *

. Abe no Seimei 阿倍晴明 (921 - 1005) .

. Abukumagawa 阿武隈川 / 阿武隈河 River Abukuma legends .
and 丸森町 Marumori legends

. abura-age 油揚げと伝説 Legends about fried tofu .
collecting

. Adachi ku 足立区 Adachi ward Legends - Tokyo .

adauchi 仇討ち revenge killing
- 18 entries to explore -

. Akagisan Mount Akagisan 赤城山 Legends from Mount Akagi . - Gunma

akago 赤子 baby
150 to collect

. Amabie アマビエ mermaid and epidemics .

. amagoi 雨乞いと伝説 Legends about rain rituals / Regenzauber .
more than 200 to collect


. Amanojaku 天邪鬼 Heavenly Evil Spirit .

. amazake 甘酒 "sweet rice wine" - Amazake .
- to explore

. ame 飴 sweets .
41 to collect

. Amida Nyorai 阿弥陀如来 .
100 to collect

. anesama ningyoo 姉様人形 "elder sister" doll legends .

anma 按摩 blind masseur
. Ohaguro ba おはぐろ婆 Tanuki, Old Hag with Black Teeth .
08 to explore

. aoboozu 青坊主 Ao-Bozu "Blue Priest" Yokai monster .
08 to explore

aodaishoo 青大将 serpent
19 to explore (02)

. Aoso Jinja 青麻神社 "Green Hemp Shrine" . - Sendai, Miyagi

. Aragamisama, Koojinsama, Koojin sama 荒神様 Kôjin, Kojin legends .
192 to collect

. ari 蟻 ant, ants, Ameisen .
. haari, ha-ari, higi 羽蟻 flying ants and earthquake .
16 to explore 蟻 (00)

. asa 麻 (あさ) hemp .
152 to explore
- - - - - . Aoso 青麻 "Green Hemp" .
Aoso Jinja 青麻神社 "Green Hemp Shrine", Miyagi, Sendai

. Asakusa in Edo 浅草 江戸 . *

. Asamayama, Asama yama 浅間山 Mount Asama, a volcano .
14 legends to explore

. ashigaru 足軽 "light legs" , foot soldier .
10 to collect

. Ashikaga Takauji 足利尊氏 - Shogun (1305 – 1358) .

. Atago Gongen 愛宕権現 Legends . *
avatar (Gongen) of Buddhist Bodhisattva Jizo Bosatsu.
77 to explore

. awabi densetsu あわび アワビ 鰒 鮑伝説 abalone legends .
many legends to explore

. ayu (アユ, 鮎),(香魚) trout, sweetfish .
41 to collect


azarashi アザラシ
suiko 水虎 kind of kappa
17 to explore

. azukimeshi 小豆飯 auspicious rice with red azuki beans .
51 to explore

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2018-07-23

- - - BBB - - -

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. baku 獏 / バク legendary dream-eating tapir .
9 legends to explore

. bakuchi 博打 - tobaku 賭博 gambling . *
19 to explore


. beni 紅 or べに rouge, lipstick .
and 8 tales about 白粉 white face powder to explore

. Benkei ベンケイ / 弁慶と伝説 Legends about Musashibo Benkei . (? - 1189)
20 to collect (01)

. Benten 弁天と伝説 Legends about Benten / Benzaiten 弁財天 .
122 弁天 collecting // 28 弁財天 (02)

. bentoo 弁当 Bento lunch box Legends .
115 to collect


. bijin - Edo no bijin 江戸の美人 the beauties of Edo .
美人 89 to explore

. bikuni 比丘尼 Buddhist nun (ama 尼) . *
50 to explore

. Binbogami 貧乏神 Bimbogami, God of Poverty . *
42 to explore

. Bishamonten 毘沙門 .
53 to collect

. biwa 琵琶 lute .
39 to collect

. Biwako 琵琶湖 Lake Biwako .


. bonji 梵字 sanskrit letters and legends .
11 to collect

. Bonten 梵天 Baramonten, Brahma . *

. bookon 亡魂と伝説 Bokon Legends about a dead soul, .
collecting

. boozu 坊主 Bozu priest and legends .
316 to collect

. Buddhist Temples and Sake 酒とお寺 .

. buna 鮒 crucian carp - legends . *
katame buna 片目鮒 / katame no buna 片目の鮒 buna fish with one eye
. Bunkyō 文京区 Bunkyo ward, "Literature Capital" - Tokyo .

. buta, ton 豚 pig, swine .
36 collecting

. butsudan 仏壇 / 佛壇 Buddhist family altar . *
90 legends to collect

. butsuzoo 仏像 Butsuzo, Buddha statues .
57 to collect

. byakudan 白檀 sandalwood legends .

. byoobu 屏風 folding screen .
43 to collect

. byooninda 病人田 field of an ill person .
36 to explore / and https://fudosama.blogspot.jp/2005/02/juusanbutsu.html


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2018-07-22

- - - CCC - - -

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. Castles and their Legends お城と伝説  . *


. craftsmen, artisan, Handwerker 職人 shokunin .
21 entries to explore


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. chagama 茶釜と伝説 Legends about tea kettles, water kettles .

. chidori 千鳥 plover .
9 to explore

. chifusu チフス typhus / 腸チフス / チフスと伝説 Legends about typhus .


. choochin 提灯 / 提燈 / チョウチン Chochin, Lantern .
300 + to collect

. choochoo 蝶々 Chocho, butterfly art motives - and legends .

choozubachi 手水鉢 handwash basin
. Tokyo, 神田 Kanda district legends .
14 to explore

. Chushingura 忠臣蔵 and the 47 浪人 Ronin .
to collect


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2018-07-21

- - - DDD - - -

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. Daidarabotchi ダイダラボッチ Monster .
- デエダラボッチ deidaarabotchi / デーデッポ Deedeppo / ダイダラボッチャ Daidarabotcha / Tiirabotcha デーラボッチャ

. daija, orochi 大蛇 the huge serpent, great snake .
for hebi 蛇 snake, see HHH


. Daikoku Ten 大黒天 Legends .
daikokubashira 大黒柱 strongest pillar of a building
86 大黒 to explore

. daikon 大根 Radish, Reddish .
100 to explore // daikon taboos and inoko 亥の子 / イノコ / 亥子 the "young wild boar"

. daiku 大工 carpenter and legends . *

. Daimyoo Gyooretsu 大名行列 Daimyo Gyoretsu Lord's procession .
10 to collect

. daizu 大豆 soy beans - Soyabohnen .
39 to explore

dango 団子 dumplings
171 to collect

. dankon 男根 penis .
20 to explore

. Daruma Daishi 達磨 Bodhidharma .
collecting


. Dewa sansan 出羽三山 Three Mountains of Dewa .
7 to explore


. dokuhebi 毒蛇と伝説 Legends about poisonous snakes and serpents .

. dokuro 髑髏 Gasha-dokuro がしゃどくろ "rattling skull" legends

. dondon yaki どんどん焼き / トンド ritual New Year fire .

. Doosojin, Dososhin 道祖神 Legends about Wayside Gods .

. doo, dō 銅 と伝説 Legends about copper - Kupfer - Do .
doozan, dōzan 銅山 Dozan copper mine
63 to collect

dookutsu 洞窟 Dokutsu, cave
57 to colelct

doroboo 泥棒 Dorobo, thief
40 to collect (one in Hina dolls)

. doshakuzure 土砂崩れ landslide legends .
gakekuzure 崖崩れ / jisuberi 地滑り
masago 土砂 (マサゴ) / dosha 土砂 earth and sand - for construction work
. dosha-kaji 土砂加持 ritual to prevent landslides .

. doyoo 土用 Doyo - Dog days of summer .
44 to collect

. Dragon - ryuu, ryū 龍 竜 伝説 Ryu - dragon legends . *

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